Psychoeducation for adult ADHD: a scoping review about characteristics, patient involvement, and content.

Background: Psychosocial interventions such as psychoeducation are increasingly being used to treat adult ADHD, both as an alternative and as a supplement to pharmacotherapy. A thorough overview of the literature on psychoeducation for adult ADHD is lacking. The objectives of this scoping review were therefore to identify the characteristics of psychoeducation interventions designed for adults with ADHD, examine how the patient experience or perspective is considered during the intervention's development and implementation, determine the typical themes covered, and explore how 'psychoeducation' is defined in these interventions.

Mobile Assessments of Mood, Cognition, Smartphone-Based Sensor Activity, and Variability in Craving and Substance Use in Patients With Substance Use Disorders in Norway: Prospective Observational Feasibility Study.

Background: Patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at increased risk for symptom deterioration following treatment, with up to 60% resuming substance use within the first year posttreatment. Substance use craving together with cognitive and mental health variables play important roles in the understanding of the trajectories from abstinence to substance use.

Objective: This prospective observational feasibility study aims to improve our understanding of specific profiles of variables explaining SUD symptom deterioration, in particular, how individual variability in mental health, cognitive functioning, and smartphone use is associated with craving and substance use in a young adult clinical population.

The effect of intranasal oxytocin on processing emotional stimuli during alcohol withdrawal: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial.

Alcohol dependence is associated with difficulties in processing emotional stimuli, which can lead to interpersonal problems. The neuropeptide oxytocin has been shown to modulate the processing of emotional stimuli, however, oxytocin treatment has not yet been examined in patients with withdrawal symptoms during alcohol detoxification. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oxytocin on the reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET), which indexes theory of mind ability, during a three-day period of alcohol detoxification at an addiction treatment centre in Norway.

Predicting Relapse in Substance Use: Prospective Modeling Based on Intensive Longitudinal Data on Mental Health, Cognition, and Craving.

Patients with severe substance use disorders are often characterized by neurocognitive impairments and elevated mental health symptom load, typically associated with craving intensity and substance use relapse. There is a need to improve the predictive capabilities of when relapse occurs in order to improve substance use treatment. The current paper contains data from 19 patients (seven females) in a long-term inpatient substance use treatment setting over the course of several weeks, with up to three weekly data collections.

Identification of unhealthy alcohol use by self-report and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) blood concentrations in an acute psychiatric department.

Background: The use of standard screening methods could improve the detection rate of unhealthy alcohol use in patients admitted to psychiatric acute and emergency departments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) to identify patients with high levels of alcohol consumption prior to admission.

Methods: The data were prospectively collected at admittance to an acute psychiatric department in the period January 2016 to June 2017.

ADHD and Mental Health Symptoms in the Identification of Young Adults with Increased Risk of Alcohol Dependency in the General Population-The HUNT4 Population Study.

Symptoms of ADHD are strongly associated with alcohol use disorders, and mental health symptoms attenuate this relationship. There is limited knowledge about how specific symptoms of inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity can explain this association. We aimed to identify self-reported executive cognitive functioning and mental health and variables that may help identify subjects with an elevated risk of alcohol dependence in the general population.

Phosphatidylethanol as Blood Biomarker of Alcohol Consumption in Early Pregnancy: An Observational Study in 4,067 Pregnant Women.

Background: The teratogenic effects of alcohol are well documented, but there is a lack of screening methods to detect alcohol use during pregnancy. Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth) is a specific and sensitive biomarker reflecting alcohol intake up to several weeks after consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of positive PEth values as an indicator of early prenatal alcohol exposure in a general population of pregnant women.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Patient Activation Measure-13 in Adults with Substance Use Disorders and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Patient Activation Measure-13 (PAM-13) is a valid and widely used questionnaire that assess an individual's knowledge, confidence, and skills for self-management of their chronic illness. Although there is some evidence regarding its reliability, the test-retest reliability has not been investigated among patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) or schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We investigated the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of PAM-13 in these populations.

Efficacy of Self-Administered Intranasal Oxytocin on Alcohol Use and Craving After Detoxification in Patients With Alcohol Dependence. A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of self-administered intranasal oxytocin on alcohol dependence after detoxification.

Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 38 patients fulfilling the criteria for ICD-10 diagnosis of alcohol dependence received either 8 IU oxytocin or placebo at their own discretion up to thrice daily for 4 weeks, after completing detoxification. Primary outcome was alcohol intake specified as the amount of alcohol consumed, the number of days to relapse into alcohol use and the proportion of subjects relapsing.

Effects of a peer co-facilitated educational programme for parents of children with ADHD: a feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: Significant numbers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display problems that cause multiple disabilities, deficits and handicaps that interfere with social relationships, development and school achievement. They may have multiple problems, which strain family dynamics and influence the child's treatment. Parent activation, described as parents' knowledge, skills and confidence in dealing with their child's health and healthcare, has been shown to be an important factor in improving health outcomes.

Mobile Sensing in Substance Use Research: A Scoping Review.

a priori

Actigraphy assessment of motor activity and sleep in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome and the effects of intranasal oxytocin.

Background And Aims: The alcohol withdrawal syndrome increases autonomic activation and stress in patients during detoxification, leading to alterations in motor activity and sleep irregularities. Intranasal oxytocin has been proposed as a possible treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal. The aim of the present study was to explore whether actigraphy could be used as a tool to register symptoms during alcohol detoxification, whether oxytocin affected actigraphy variables related to motor activity and sleep compared to placebo during detoxification, and whether actigraphy-recorded motor function during detoxification was different from that in healthy controls.

Effect of intranasal oxytocin on alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial.

Background: In a pilot study, intranasal oxytocin was demonstrated to reduce the benzodiazepine dose needed to relieve withdrawal symptoms during alcohol detoxification. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of oxytocin and placebo during a three-day period of alcohol detoxification at an addiction treatment center in Norway.

Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 40 patients fulfilling criteria for ICD-10 diagnosis of alcohol dependence (F10.

The effects of a pretreatment educational group programme on mental health treatment outcomes: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients dropping out of mental health treatment is considered a widespread and significant obstacle to providing effective treatment, thus reducing the probability of patients achieving the desired improvement. Here, relative to ordinary treatment, we investigate the effects of providing an educational group programme before mental health treatment on mental health symptomatology and the risk of patients dropping out or prematurely discontinuing treatment.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial in which adults referred to a community mental health center were randomized to either a Control Group (n = 46) or a pretreatment educational programme followed by treatment as usual (Intervention Group, n = 45).

The effects of routine outcome monitoring (ROM) on therapy outcomes in the course of an implementation process: A randomized clinical trial.

This study investigated the effects of the Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS) in adult outpatient treatment at a hospital-based mental health clinic. It also investigated whether the effects differed with the timing of the treatment within a 4-year implementation period, with clients' initial distress levels, and between therapists. Adult clients (N = 170) were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU) or routine outcome monitoring (ROM).

Patient satisfaction with treatments and outcomes in residential addiction institutions.

Aim: The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between patients' satisfaction with different domains of inpatient substance use treatment and their perceived treatment outcome. The primary purpose was to identify domains of treatment satisfaction most strongly associated with a positive treatment outcome.

Design: Data were based on a survey among 188 patients with alcohol and/or illicit substance use disorders completing a three-six-month inpatient stay at one of two public clinics in Central Norway.

Predictors of long term use of psychiatric services of patients with recent-onset schizophrenia: 12 years follow-up.

Background: The aim of study was to investigate predictors of long term use of psychiatric services of patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.

Methods: A cohort of 50 clinically stable patients with recent-onset schizophrenia was included in a randomized controlled trial comparing early integrated treatment with treatment as usual. Recent onset was defined as emergence of psychotic symptoms for the first time during the preceding 2 years.

Long-Term Changes in Musculoskeletal Pain Sites in the General Population: The HUNT Study.

Unlabelled: In a Norwegian prospective population-based cohort study, we examined whether the number of chronic musculoskeletal pain sites changed over an 11-year period, and if the number of pain sites at follow-up was associated with health-related and lifestyle factors at baseline. The study included data on 78,973 adults participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in 1995 to 1997 (HUNT2) and 2006 to 2008 (HUNT3). On the basis of 3 categories of baseline pain sites, associations between baseline health-related, lifestyle, and demographic factors and number of pain sites at follow-up were analyzed with linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, marital status, physical activity, education, and other chronic diseases.

The effect of a brief educational programme added to mental health treatment to improve patient activation: A randomized controlled trial in community mental health centres.

Objective: While there is growing interest in improving patient activation in general medical health services, there are too few randomized controlled trials in mental health settings which show how improvement can be achieved. Using the Patient Activation Measure-13 (PAM-13), we aimed to assess the effect of pre-treatment, peer co-led educational intervention on patient activation. Secondary outcomes included measures of patient satisfaction, well-being, mental health symptoms, motivation, and treatment participation.

Domains and perceived benefits of treatment among patients with and without co-occurring disorders in inpatient substance use treatment.

Objective: Persons with substance use disorders often have comorbid psychiatric problems, and treating all problem domains is important for treatment success and recovery. This study examined reported interventions provided to patients as well as patients' reports of domains of help received, perceived areas of greatest benefit, and satisfaction with substance use disorder treatment. We also compared patients with co-occurring disorders and patients with only substance use disorders to see whether there were significant differences across groups on these measures.

Prevalence and long-term predictors of persistent chronic widespread pain in the general population in an 11-year prospective study: the HUNT study.

Background: Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is common and associated with prominent negative consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of persistent CWP in an 11-year prospective cohort study in the general population, and to examine anxiety, depression, alcohol use, poor sleep, body mass index (BMI) and chronic disease, along with demographic, lifestyle and other health-related variables as possible predictors for the assumed CWP persistence.

Methods: CWP was defined as having pain at three or more predefined sites (involving the trunk and upper and lower limbs) for at least three months in the last year.

Psychosocial factors and risk of chronic widespread pain: an 11-year follow-up study--the HUNT study.

Few studies have used prospective designs in large population surveys to assess the risk of developing chronic widespread pain (CWP). We wanted to examine 1) how many people without CWP developed it after 11years, and 2) how anxiety, depression, alcohol use, smoking, sleeping problems, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with this development. This study was based on a representative population-based Norwegian cohort attending both the second (1995 to 1997) and the third (2006 to 2008) wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2 and HUNT3, respectively).

The effectiveness of integrated treatment in patients with substance use disorders co-occurring with anxiety and/or depression--a group randomized trial.

Background: Integrated Treatment (IT) has proved effective in treating patients with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) co-occurring with severe Mental Disorders (MD), less is known about the effectiveness of IT for patients with SUD co-occurring with less severe MD.The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of IT for patients with SUD co-occurring with anxiety and/or depression on the following parameters:1. The use of substances, as measured by the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT), the Drug Use Identification Test (DUDIT), and the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI).

Integrated treatment vs. treatment-as-usual for recent onset schizophrenia; 12 year follow-up on a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the 12-year follow-up effects on in- and outpatient services of 2 years of integrated treatment for recent-onset schizophrenia versus treatment as usual in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: 50 patients aged 18-35 years were randomized to Integrated Treatment (IT) (N = 30) or Treatment-as-Usual (TAU) (N = 20) for two years. TAU comprised optimal pharmacotherapy and outreach assertive treatment, while IT also included cognitive-behavioural family treatment, skills training, strategies for residual psychotic and non-psychotic problems and home-based crisis management.

Clusters of personality traits and psychological symptoms associated with later benzodiazepine prescriptions in the general population: The HUNT Cohort Study.

Objective: The aim of this population-based study was to identify factors associated with later benzodiazepine prescriptions, including clusters of personality traits, self-esteem characteristics, sleep difficulties, depression and anxiety symptoms.

Methods: A 13year historical cohort study (n=58,967) was carried out and baseline measures of self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms, sleep difficulties, self-esteem and personality traits were obtained from the second wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2, 1995-1997), Norway. Data on benzodiazepine prescriptions were collected from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD, 2004-2008) for each case in the cohort.