IMPACT OF NIRSEVIMAB ON RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS BRONCHIOLITIS IN HOSPITALIZED INFANTS: A REAL-WORLD STUDY.

Regarding nirsevimab immunization status, among 1085 infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis, the odds of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis were 4.7 times higher for nonimmunized children. Immunized infants were less likely to require oxygen supplementation (20.

Inpatient Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Influenza in Children Younger Than 5 Years in Japan, 2011-2022: A Database Study.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus are major viral etiologies of pediatric lower respiratory tract infection, but comparative data on inpatient burden are lacking.

Methods: Using a large-scale health claims database in Japan, we identified patients under 5 years of age with a confirmed RSV or influenza diagnosis as an outpatient or inpatient between 2011 and 2022. Hospitalization rate, inpatient characteristics, various in-hospital outcomes/complications, and healthcare resource utilization were described.

Influenza-Associated Excess Mortality and Hospitalization in Germany from 1996 to 2018.

Introduction: Influenza-associated excess mortality and morbidity is commonly estimated using statistical methods. In Germany, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) uses the relative mortality distribution method (RMDM) to estimate influenza-associated excess mortality without reporting age-specific values. In order to better differentiate the distribution of the disease burden, a distinction by age is of high relevance.

Respiratory syncytial virus immunization patterns in Germany, 2015-2020.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and young children worldwide. Using routine statutory health insurance claims data including patients from all regions of Germany, we investigated the health-care resource use and costs associated with RSV prophylaxis with palivizumab in Germany. In the database, infants from the birth cohorts 2015-2019 eligible for palivizumab immunization were identified using codes of the 10 revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Disease Burden of RSV Infections and Bronchiolitis in Young Children (< 5 Years) in Primary Care and Emergency Departments: A Systematic Literature Review.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute respiratory infections in young children. Limited data are available on RSV disease burden in primary care and emergency departments (EDs). This review synthesizes the evidence on population-based incidence rates of RSV infections in young children (< 5 years) in primary care and EDs.

Assessing the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-related Bronchiolitis in Primary Care and at 15-Day and 6-Month Follow-up Before Prophylaxis in France: A Test-negative Study.

Objective: To assess the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related bronchiolitis in primary care and at 15 days and 6 months after a primary care visit.

Study Design: In this test-negative study, children <2 years old with a first episode of bronchiolitis were prospectively enrolled by 45 ambulatory pediatricians in France from February 2021 to April 2023. RSV was assessed with a rapid antigen detection test.

Change in Age profile of Respiratory Syncytial Virus disease over the course of annual epidemics: a multi-national study.

Objectives: We aimed to study whether the percentwise age distribution of RSV cases changes over time during annual epidemics.

Methods: We used surveillance data (2008-2019) from the Netherlands, Lyon (France), Portugal, Singapore, Ecuador, South Africa, and New Zealand. In each country, every season was divided into "epidemic quarters", i.

Inpatient burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤2 years of age in Germany: A retrospective analysis of nationwide hospitalization data, 2019-2022.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory tract disease in seasonal waves, primarily in infants and young children. This study aims to quantify the number of RSV-related hospitalizations in children ≤2 years of age and to determine corresponding resource use and costs in Germany.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed population-wide hospital data from the Institute for the Hospital Remuneration System (InEK) from 2019 to 2022.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Outpatient Children with Bronchiolitis: Continuous Virus Circulation During the Nonepidemic Period.

We aimed to estimate the respiratory syncytial virus positivity rate among ambulatory children with bronchiolitis according to the bronchiolitis epidemic period as defined by the French Public Health Institute. The positivity rate was 28.9% during the nonepidemic period and 50.

Prevalence of chronic conditions and influenza vaccination coverage rates in Germany: Results of a health insurance claims data analysis.

Background: The significant annual burden caused by seasonal influenza has led to global calls for increased influenza vaccination coverage rates (VCRs). We aimed to estimate the proportion of the German population at high risk of serious illness from influenza due to chronic conditions and to estimate age-specific VCRs of people with/without chronic conditions.

Methods: Using health insurance claims data covering nine influenza seasons (2010-2019), we assessed up to 7 million insured individuals per season across all German regions.

Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from respiratory specimens in Lyon University Hospitals, France: prevalence and mechanisms involved.

Resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to triazoles has been reported increasingly in Europe. As few data are available from Southern France, the objectives of this study were to assess the burden of A. fumigatus isolates with azole resistance from clinical specimens in Lyon, and explore the resistance mechanisms involved.

Rapid spread of OXA-244-producing ST38 in Germany: insights from an integrated molecular surveillance approach; 2017 to January 2020.

Annually, increasing numbers of OXA-244-producing in 13 German federal states prompted us to initiate an outbreak investigation. Whole genome sequencing revealed that among 148 isolates analysed, most belonged to sequence type 38 with 62 isolates forming a genetically distinct cluster. Although no epidemiological link could be identified between cases, ongoing investigations suggest non-healthcare associated transmission.

Extensively drug-resistant ST307 outbreak, north-eastern Germany, June to October 2019.

From June to October 2019, 17 patients (six infected, 11 colonised) with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strain were notified from four Western Pomerania medical facilities. The XDR produced carbapenemases NDM-1 and OXA-48, and was only susceptible to chloramphenicol, tigecycline and cefiderocol. Synergistic activity was observed for the combination of aztreonam plus ceftazidime-avibactam.

Acute flaccid myelitis caused by enterovirus D68: Case definitions for use in clinical practice.

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) was increasingly detected in recent years, coinciding with upsurges of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections. We reviewed the evidence for a causal relationship between both. Based on reported cases, we provide case definitions for AFM caused by EV-D68 infections to enable a standard procedure for affected patients.

Cost and burden of RSV related hospitalisation from 2012 to 2017 in the first year of life in Lyon, France.

Objectives: We aimed to describe direct medical costs of annual RSV-associated hospitalisation in the first year of life.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study in Lyon, France (2012-2016). A case was defined as a laboratory confirmed RSV-infection with hospitalisation in the first year of life.

Molecular diversity and biennial circulation of enterovirus D68: a systematic screening study in Lyon, France, 2010 to 2016.

BackgroundUnderstanding enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) circulation patterns as well as risk factors for severe respiratory and neurological illness is important for developing preventive strategies. : Between 2010 and 2016, 11,132 respiratory specimens from hospitalised patients in Lyon, France, were screened for EV-D68 by PCR. Phylogenetic relationships of the viral-protein-1 sequences were reconstructed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian-Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo approaches.

Hepatitis C virus spread from HIV-positive to HIV-negative men who have sex with men.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential transmission of HCV strains between HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-negative MSM. Since 2000, an ongoing epidemic of HCV infections is observed among HIV-positive MSM in high-income countries. However, HCV infections in HIV-negative MSM are investigated to a lesser extent due to the lack of follow-up in this population and only limited information is available on the risk of HCV transmission between HIV-positive MSM and HIV-negative MSM.

Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics.

Background: The Antarctic continent is considered the coldest and driest place on earth with simple ecosystems, devoid of higher plants. Soils in the ice-free regions of Antarctica are known to harbor a wide range of microorganisms from primary producers to grazers, yet their ecology and particularly the role of viruses is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the virus community structures of 14 soil samples from the Mackay Glacier region.