The Association of Cerebral Autoregulation Dysfunction and Postoperative Memory Impairment in Cardiac Surgery Patients.

: Cardiac surgery is associated with various durations of cerebral autoregulation (CA) impairment and can significantly impact cognitive function. Cognitive functions such as memory, psychomotor speed, and attention are significantly impacted after cardiac surgery, necessitating prioritization of these areas in cognitive function tests. There is a lack of research connecting cerebral autoregulation impairment to specific cognitive function domains after cardiac surgery.

Intraorbital pressure-volume characteristics in a piglet model: In vivo pilot study.

Intracranial pressure measurement is frequently used for diagnosis in neurocritical care but cannot always accurately predict neurological deterioration. Intracranial compliance plays a significant role in maintaining cerebral blood flow, cerebral perfusion pressure, and intracranial pressure. This study's objective was to investigate the feasibility of transferring external pressure into the eye orbit in a large-animal model while maintaining a clinically acceptable pressure gradient between intraorbital and external pressures.

Can the Treatment of Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Induce Normal-Tension Glaucoma? A Narrative Review of a Current Knowledge.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement is the most commonly used treatment of normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). It has been hypothesized that normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is caused by the treatment of NPH by using the shunt to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP). The aim of this study is to review the literature published regarding this hypothesis and to emphasize the need for neuro-ophthalmic follow-up for the concerned patients.

Human ophthalmic artery as a sensor for non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring: numerical modeling and in vivo pilot study.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is important in managing neurosurgical, neurological, and ophthalmological patients with open-angle glaucoma. Non-invasive two-depth transcranial Doppler (TCD) technique is used in a novel method for ICP snapshot measurement that has been previously investigated prospectively, and the results showed clinically acceptable accuracy and precision. The aim of this study was to investigate possibility of using the ophthalmic artery (OA) as a pressure sensor for continuous ICP monitoring.

Prospective Clinical Study of Non-Invasive Intracranial Pressure Measurements in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients and Healthy Subjects.

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy in which the optic nerve is damaged. The optic nerve is exposed not only to intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye, but also to intracranial pressure (ICP), as it is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space. Here, we analyse ICP differences between patients with glaucoma and healthy subjects (HSs).

Changing the paradigm of intracranial hypertension in brain tumor patients: a study based on non-invasive ICP measurements.

Background: The ultrasound based non-invasive ICP measurement method has been recently validated. Correlation of symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension with actual ICP measurements in patients with large intracranial tumors is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess ICP in patients with brain tumors, presenting with neurological signs and symptoms of elevated ICP and to further evaluate the value and utility of non-invasive ICP monitoring.

Comparative Study of Novel Noninvasive Cerebral Autoregulation Volumetric Reactivity Indices Reflected by Ultrasonic Speed and Attenuation as Dynamic Measurements in the Human Brain.

This is a comparative study of two novel noninvasive cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) monitoring methods based on intracranial blood volume (IBV) changes in the human brain. We investigated the clinical applicability of the new volumetric reactivity index (VRx2), reflected by intracranial ultrasonic attenuation dynamics for noninvasive CA monitoring. The CA was determined noninvasively on 43 healthy participants by calculating the volumetric reactivity index (VRx1 from time-of-flight of ultrasound, VRx2 from attenuation of ultrasound).

Correlation among decreased regional cerebral oxygen saturation, blood levels of brain injury biomarkers, and cognitive disorder.

Objective This study was performed to investigate the correlation among decreased regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO), blood levels of brain injury biomarkers, and postoperative cognitive disorder (POCD) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods This prospective observational study included 59 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with CPB. All patients underwent neuropsychological tests (Mini Mental State Evaluation, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, digit span test, digit symbol substitution test, and Schulte table) the day before and 10 days after the surgery.

Cerebrovascular autoregulation impairments during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are related to postoperative cognitive deterioration: prospective observational study.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in approximately 33-83% of patients after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Recent clinical data suggest that real-time, intraoperative monitoring of patient-specific cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) may help to prevent POCD by detecting individual critical limits for mean arterial pressure (MAP) outside which CA is impaired. Objectives of the study were to detect the episodes of impaired CA during cardiac surgery with CPB, and to investigate the association between CA impairment and POCD.

Validation of Noninvasive Absolute Intracranial Pressure Measurements in Traumatic Brain Injury and Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Background: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) causes secondary damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Current methods of ICP monitoring require surgery and carry risks of complications.

Objective: To validate a new instrument for noninvasive ICP measurement by comparing values obtained from noninvasive measurements to those from commercial implantable devices through this pilot study.

Graphical and statistical analyses of the oculocardiac reflex during a non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the incidence of the oculocardiac reflex during a non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement when gradual external pressure was applied to the orbital tissues and eye.

Methods: Patients (n = 101) and healthy volunteers (n = 56) aged 20-75 years who underwent a non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement were included in this retrospective oculocardiac reflex analysis. Prespecified thresholds greater than a 10% or 20% decrease in the heart rate from baseline were used to determine the incidence of the oculocardiac reflex.

Location of the internal carotid artery and ophthalmic artery segments for non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement by multi-depth TCD.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to locate the ophthalmic artery by using the edge of the internal carotid artery (ICA) as the reference depth to perform a reliable non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement via a multi-depth transcranial Doppler device and to then determine the positions and angles of an ultrasonic transducer (UT) on the closed eyelid in the case of located segments. High tension glaucoma (HTG) patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) undergoing non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement were selected for this prospective study. The depth of the edge of the ICA was identified, followed by a selection of the depths of the IOA and EOA segments.

Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Noninvasive ICP Absolute Value Measurements.

An innovative absolute intracranial pressure (ICP) value measurement method has been validated by multicenter comparative clinical studies. The method is based on two-depth transcranial Doppler (TCD) technology and uses intracranial and extracranial segments of the ophthalmic artery as pressure sensors. The ophthalmic artery is used as a natural pair of "scales" that compares ICP with controlled pressure Pe, which is externally applied to the orbit.

Can intracranial pressure be measured non-invasively bedside using a two-depth Doppler-technique?

Measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) is necessary in many neurological and neurosurgical diseases. To avoid lumbar puncture or intracranial ICP probes, non-invasive ICP techniques are becoming popular. A recently developed technology uses two-depth Doppler to compare arterial pulsations in the intra- and extra-cranial segments of the ophthalmic artery for non-invasive estimation of ICP.

Improved diagnostic value of a TCD-based non-invasive ICP measurement method compared with the sonographic ONSD method for detecting elevated intracranial pressure.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic reliability of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) ultrasonography with a transcranial Doppler (TCD)-based absolute intracranial pressure (ICP) value measurement method for detection of elevated ICP in neurological patients. The ONSD method has been only tested previously on neurosurgical patients.

Methods: A prospective clinical study of a non-invasive ICP estimation method based on ONSD correlation with ICP and an absolute ICP value measurement method based on a two-depth TCD technology has recruited 108 neurological patients.