Neurophysiology of Hungarian subject-verb dependencies with varying intervening complexity.

Non-adjacent dependencies are thought to be more costly to process than sentences wherein dependents immediately follow or precede what they depend on. In English locality effects have been revealed, while in languages with rich case marking (German and Hindi) sentence final structures show anti-locality-effects. The motivation of the current study is to test whether locality effects can be directly applied to a typologically different language than those investigated so far.

Coherence between brain cortical function and neurocognitive performance during changed gravity conditions.

Previous studies of cognitive, mental and/or motor processes during short-, medium- and long-term weightlessness have only been descriptive in nature, and focused on psychological aspects. Until now, objective observation of neurophysiological parameters has not been carried out--undoubtedly because the technical and methodological means have not been available--, investigations into the neurophysiological effects of weightlessness are in their infancy (Schneider et al. 2008).

Spectral characteristics and linear-nonlinear synchronization changes of different EEG frequency bands during the CNV.

During the CNV recorded in a simple auditory working memory task, task-specific decrease of the relative delta band and a transient increase of the absolute theta band were seen, accompanied by an increase of the absolute alpha1 and alpha2 bands in the posterior region. The decreased delta power probably corresponds to increased task-evoked arousal, whereas the transient theta power increase corresponds to working memory demand and possibly to the orienting response. The increased alpha1 and alpha2 power may be a manifestation of a top-down mechanism revealing control over the execution of a response.

Age-dependent changes of auditory evoked potentials--effect of task difficulty.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the patterns of age-dependent changes of P3 components of auditory event-related potentials exploring the effects of task difficulty. The participants (age span: 19-68 years, n=55, divided into five age groups) took part in an easy and in a difficult two-tone oddball frequency discrimination task with speed or accuracy instructions, and in a novelty oddball task. The latency of the P3 components increased with aging.

[Changes in EEG-complexity after subcortical ischemic brain damage].

Introduction: Complexity analysis of the EEG is a relatively new field in theoretical and clinical electrophysiology. The authors present results of EEG-analysis in a patient with stroke, utilizing the sensitivity of the new procedures with respect to linear and nonlinear synchronization.

Participants And Methods: The EEG (19 channels) was recorded in a patient with subcortical unilateral ischaemic completed stroke involving the frontoparietal white matter while leaving the cortex intact and in 12 healthy controls in eyes open and in eyes closed conditions.

[Spectral EEG-characteristics of subcortical ischemic brain lesion--a case study].

Introduction: Although the EEG-changes caused by ischemic stroke are well known, data of the literature are rather ambiguous. The EEG-findings recorded in a patient with a unilateral subcortical ischemic lesion are evaluated with special emphasis related to the effect of the dynamics caused by eye opening.

Participants And Methods: Data recorded from a patient (54 years old male with a completed stroke involving the frontal and parietal subcortical region in the left side) were compared to those of a control group (12 healthy age matched subjects).

Spectral and complexity features of the EEG changed by visual input in a case of subcortical stroke compared to healthy controls.

Objective: To compare spectral and complexity characteristics of the EEG in a unique case of subcortical infarct to those seen in healthy controls.

Methods: Absolute and relative frequency spectra, theta/beta ratio, the brain symmetry index (BSI), Omega-complexity and synchronization likelihood were calculated of the EEG recorded in eyes closed and eyes open conditions.

Results: Increased absolute delta, theta, and Omega-complexity in these frequency bands, higher theta/beta ratios, and decreased relative beta activity were found in the side of the infarct.

[Psychophysiologic and clinical aspects of EEG synchronization related to cognitive processes].

The authors review the various forms of EEG-synchronization with special emphasis on the characteristics of the induced and enhanced rhythms. The suggested role of the various EEG frequency bands in the cognitive processes is demonstrated by examples from the literature. The relationship between linear and nonlinear electrophysiological complexity and EEG synchronization is analyzed, with a touch on the use of Omega-complexity and synchronization likelihood methods.