Development and validation of a biomarker index for HCC treatment response.

Background: Serum AFP-L3%, AFP, and DCP are useful biomarkers for HCC detection, but their utility in assessing treatment response remains unknown. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of a biomarker model in the detection of posttreatment viable tumors.

Methods: For model derivation, recipients with HCC undergoing liver transplant from 2018 to 2022 who had biomarkers collected within 3 months before transplant were included.

Patient Perceptions of Standardized Risk Language Used in ACR Prostate MRI PI-RADS Scores.

Introduction: Prostate MRI reports use standardized language to describe risk of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) from "equivocal" (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] 3), "likely" (PI-RADS 4), to "highly likely" (PI-RADS 5). These terms correspond to risks of 11%, 37%, and 70% according to American Urological Association guidelines, respectively. We assessed how men perceive risk associated with standardized PI-RADS language.

High-resolution Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Detect Changes in Tumor Size and ADC, and Predict Adverse Biopsy Histology during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance.

Purpose: Majority of men with low-risk prostate cancer can be managed with active surveillance (AS). This study evaluates a high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (HR-DWI) technique to predict adverse biopsy histology (AH), defined as Gleason score ≥7 on any biopsy or ≥3 increase in number of positive biopsy cores on systematic biopsies. We test the hypothesis that high-grade disease and progressing disease undergo subtle changes during even short intervals that can be detected by HR-DWI.

Retrospective T2 quantification from conventional weighted MRI of the prostate based on deep learning.

Purpose: To develop a deep learning-based method to retrospectively quantify T2 from conventional T1- and T2-weighted images.

Methods: Twenty-five subjects were imaged using a multi-echo spin-echo sequence to estimate reference prostate T2 maps. Conventional T1- and T2-weighted images were acquired as the input images.

Predictors of disparity between targeted and in-zone systematic cores during transrectal MR/US-fusion prostate biopsy.

Background: The combination of targeted and systematic biopsies during MR/US-fusion prostate biopsy improves cancer detection over either modality alone.

Objective: To identify factors associated with disparity in detection of prostate cancer between systematic and targeted biopsies in magnetic resonance imaging positive zones.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We retrospectively analyzed 171 men receiving initial MR/US fusion biopsy at our institution from 2015 to 2018.

MRI-based (MAST) score accurately identifies patients with NASH and significant fibrosis.

Background & Aims: Among the large population of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), identifying those with fibrotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (Fibro-NASH) is a clinical priority, as these patients are at the highest risk of disease progression and will benefit most from pharmacologic treatment. MRI-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and MR elastography (MRE) can risk-stratify patients with NAFLD by assessing steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. We developed a highly specific MRI-based score to identify patients with Fibro-NASH.

Patient- and tumor-level risk factors for MRI-invisible prostate cancer.

Background: Multiparametric MRI is highly sensitive for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, but has a 10-20% false negative rate. It is unknown if there are clinical factors that predict MRI invisibility. We sought to identify predictors of MRI-invisible (MRI(-)) disease.

Five-dimensional quantitative low-dose Multitasking dynamic contrast- enhanced MRI: Preliminary study on breast cancer.

Purpose: To develop a low-dose Multitasking DCE technique (LD-MT-DCE) for breast imaging, enabling dynamic T mapping-based quantitative characterization of tumor blood flow and vascular properties with whole-breast coverage, a spatial resolution of 0.9 × 0.9 × 1.

Intraoperative assessment and postsurgical treatment of prostate cancer tumors using tumor-targeted nanoprobes.

Successful visualization of prostate cancer (PCa) tumor margins during surgery remains a major challenge. The visualization of these tumors during surgery via near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging would greatly enhance surgical resection, minimizing tumor recurrence and improving outcome. Furthermore, chemotherapy is typically administered to patients after surgery to treat any missed tumor tissue around the surgical area, minimizing metastasis and increasing patient survival.

Fully automated multiorgan segmentation in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with deep neural networks.

Purpose: Segmentation of multiple organs-at-risk (OARs) is essential for magnetic resonance (MR)-only radiation therapy treatment planning and MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy of abdominal cancers. Current practice requires manual delineation that is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to intra- and interobserver variations. We developed a deep learning (DL) technique for fully automated segmentation of multiple OARs on clinical abdominal MR images with high accuracy, reliability, and efficiency.

Multicenter Safety and Practice for Off-Label Diagnostic Use of Ferumoxytol in MRI.

Background Ferumoxytol is approved for use in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, but it can serve as an alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents. On the basis of postmarketing surveillance data, the Food and Drug Administration issued a black box warning regarding the risks of rare but serious acute hypersensitivity reactions during fast high-dose injection (510 mg iron in 17 seconds) for therapeutic use. Whereas single-center safety data for diagnostic use have been positive, multicenter data are lacking.

Tumor-Activatable Clinical Nanoprobe for Cancer Imaging.

A successful cancer surgery requires the complete removal of cancerous tissue, while also sparing as much healthy, non-cancerous tissue as possible. To achieve this, an accurate identification of tumor boundaries during surgery is critical, but intra-operative tumor visualization remains challenging. Fluorescence imaging is a promising method to improve tumor detection and delineate tumor boundaries during surgery, but the lack of stable, long-circulating, clinically-translatable fluorescent probes that can identify tumors with high signal-to-noise ratios and low background fluorescence signals have prevented its widespread application.

Radiologic Reporting and Interpretation of Occult Inguinal Hernia.

Background: Inguinal hernias are common entities. Occult inguinal hernias are difficult to diagnose on examination and can cause groin and pelvic pain. Imaging is heavily relied on to help diagnose these hernias; as such, correct interpretation of imaging studies can prevent delay in treatment for a patient with pain.

Genes involved in prostate cancer progression determine MRI visibility.

MRI is used to image prostate cancer and target tumors for biopsy or therapeutic ablation. The objective was to understand the biology of tumors not visible on MRI that may go undiagnosed and untreated. Prostate cancers visible or invisible on multiparametric MRI were macrodissected and examined by RNAseq.

Use of cylindrical coordinates to localize prostate cancers on MRI and prostatectomy pathology.

Purpose: To describe and test a quantitative system for designating prostate tumor location on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostatectomy. A system for describing tumor location will facilitate research correlating MRI and pathology.

Materials And Methods: The prostate cylindrical coordinate (PCC) system was developed for locating prostate tumors using 3 coordinate values.

Magnetic resonance imaging and transient elastography in the management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis worldwide and the second most common cause of liver transplantation in major medical centers. Because liver steatosis and fibrosis severity are related to disease morbidity and mortality, the extent of disease, and disease progression, they need to be assessed and monitored. In addition, innovation with new drug developments requires disease staging and monitoring in both phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.

Prospective Pilot Trial to Evaluate a High Resolution Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Prostate Cancer Patients.

Objectives: High-resolution prostate imaging may allow for detection of subtle changes in tumor size, decrease the reliance on biopsies, and help define tumor boundaries during ablation. This pilot clinical trial evaluates a novel high-resolution prostate MRI for detection of small, biopsy-proven prostate tumors.

Methods: Our team developed a software that can be loaded on any modern MRI to generate high resolution diffusion-weighted imaging sequences (HR-DWI), which were compared to standard diffusion-weighted imaging sequence (S-DWI) in a prospective pilot trial in active surveillance patients.

Multiparametric MRI Improves Accuracy of Clinical Nomograms for Predicting Extracapsular Extension of Prostate Cancer.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) with the Partin tables and Memorial Sloan-Kettering (MSK) nomogram for predicting extracapsular extension (ECE) in prostate cancer and to create a tool for clinicians to estimate pathologic ECE risk.

Methods: A retrospective review of 112 patients who underwent 3T MP-MRI of the prostate and radical prostatectomy was performed. Regression analyses were carried out to identify predictors of ECE.

Impact of post prostate biopsy hemorrhage on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Hemorrhage induced by prostate biopsy can interfere with the interpretation of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 101 patients who had prostate multiparametric MRI (MP-MRI) and radical prostatectomy.

Results: On MRI obtained within 4 weeks following the biopsy, hemorrhage was seen in 26/36 (72.

3D high-resolution diffusion-weighted MRI at 3T: Preliminary application in prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance protocol for low-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: To improve spatial resolution and image quality of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI in detecting low-risk prostate cancer (lrPC) in patients undergoing active surveillance protocol (AS-PC), we propose the application of a diffusion-prepared balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) technique capable of multishot acquisition.

Methods: Diffusion-prepared bSSFP was compared with single-shot DW echo planar imaging (SS-DW-EPI) at two prescribed resolutions (2.1 × 2.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging localizes established extracapsular extension of prostate cancer.

Objective: To define the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) for identifying focal and established extracapsular extension (ECE) in various zones of the prostate.

Methods: Between 2010 and 2013, 342 patients underwent MP-MRI of the prostate (3T, no endorectal coil with axial perfusion and diffusion images). The findings of the images were reported as negative, suspicious, or positive for ECE by a single expert radiologist.

Role of imaging in the diagnosis of occult hernias.

Importance: Occult hernias are symptomatic but not palpable on physical examination. This is more commonly seen with inguinal hernias. Early diagnosis and treatment of occult hernias are essential in relieving symptoms and improving patients' quality of life.