Dietary, serum and urine ascorbic acid status in male athletes.

The ascorbic acid (AA)-status of 14 marathon runners, 12 soccer players, 9 wrestlers, 9 basketball players and 16 controls was determined. A 7-day food weighed record was kept to quantify the AA-intake. In addition, the AA-serum concentrations and urinary ascorbate excretion were measured.

alpha-Tocopherol supplementation in racing cyclists during extreme endurance training.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 5 months of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on physical performance during aerobic exercise training in 30 top-class cyclists. Antioxidative effects of supplementation were also studied. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration increased significantly in the vitamin E-supplemented group, whereas the placebo group showed a trend toward decrease.

Acute changes in vitamin B6 status in endurance athletes before and after a marathon.

The vitamin B6 status of 13 endurance athletes was determined by whole blood B6 (microbiological) and urine 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) (HPLC), serum vitamin B6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxol, pyridoxamine) (HPLC), and erythrocyte alpha-EGOT measurements with the aid of 7-day records. In addition, blood and serum samples and urine were collected before (Time A), directly after (Time B), and 2 hr after a marathon race (Time C). The total energy intake was 12,303 +/- 3,464 kJ/day (34% fat, 48% carbohydrates, 14% protein).

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative vitamins under extreme endurance stress.

The aim of this study was to examine whether extreme endurance stress of trained athletes can influence lipid peroxidation and muscle enzymes. A randomized and placebo-controlled study was carried out on 24 trained long-distance runners who were substituted with alpha-tocopherol (400 I.U.

Assessment of vitamin B6 status of strength and speedpower athletes.

Objective: The investigation was designed to obtain information concerning the vitamin B6 status in high-performance athletes.

Subjects: Fifty-seven strength and speedpower athletes were available for examination.

Methods: Vitamin B6 status was determined by a 7-day weighed food record, enzyme activity (alpha-EGOT) measurement, whole blood concentrations (Saccharomyces carlsbergenisis and 4-pyridoxinic acid (4-PA) excretion (high-pressure liquid chromatography).

Assessment of vitamin B2 status in performance athletes of various types of sports.

To determine the vitamin B2 supply, 62 athletes in various types of sports and 16 non-athletes were examined, using a weighed food record (7-day), alpha-EGR determination, microbiological blood, and HPLC urinary measurements. If the guidelines of 1.5 or 1.

[Pantothenic acid levels in blood of athletes at rest and after aerobic exercise].

Ninety-six high-performance athletes of various disciplines were available for this investigation. All athletes had many years of training and competition experience. The pantothenic acid contents in the blood were determined by means of microbiological measurements.

[Patients with type-II diabetes mellitus and neuropathy have no deficiency of vitamins A, E, beta-carotene, B1, B2, B6, B12 and folic acid].

The present study was aimed to determine the vitamin status of vitamins A, E, beta-carotene, B1, B2, B6, B12 and folate in plasma using HPLC and vitamins B1, B2 and B6 in erythrocytes using the apoenzyme stimulation test with the Cobas-Bio analyzer in 29 elderly type II diabetic women with (G1: n = 17, age: 68.6 +/- 3.2 years) and without (G2: n = 12, age: 71.

[Selenium metabolism and glutathione peroxidase activity of endurance athletes in rest and under exertion].

Selenium which has been recognised as an essential trace element for mammals and humans is part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and of other selenium-dependent enzymes. GSHPx protects the organism from oxidative damage. Supposing that the formation of peroxides is enhanced in athletes during a marathon run the question arose whether the selenium concentrations in the blood plasma and the GSHPx activities in the erythrocytes are changed.

[Sports and diet--an ambulatory program for obese children].

In an out-patient programme, 18 obese children aged 9-13 years were attended to for 1 year. The project consisted of an exercise programme performed 3 times per week, dietary restriction to 1200 kcal/d and psychological approach. The aim, besides weight reduction and acquisition of a healthy individual nutrition habit, was to improve physical performance and to increase self-confidence.

[Prevention and therapy of obesity with diet and sports, an ambulatory therapy program for overweight children].

Dietary restriction together with ongoing power-orientated training provide best results in the therapy and prevention of obesity. Diet can reduce the resting metabolic rate by up to 20% within 14 days. Physical activity stimulates the resting metabolic rate and counteracts this energy saving effect, but is especially important for maintaining a steady state after weight reduction.

[Doping--also a problem in general practice?].

In 1986, the Medical Commission of the IOC defined doping as the use of pharmacological substances belonging to disallowed groups of active substances (stimulants, narcotics, anabolic steroids, beta-blockers, diuretics). With certain restrictions, this applies also to alcohol, local anesthetics and corticosteroids. The use of disallowed methods (blood doping, manipulation of a urine sample) is also forbidden.

[Serum and whole blood concentrations of fat and water soluble vitamins in normal persons and athletes].

Water-and fat-soluble vitamins have a key function in many metabolic processes and are of special importance for athletes. The water-soluble vitamins thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine and the fat-soluble vitamins beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol were determined by High-Pressure-Liquid-Chromatography (HPLC). The mean serum values in non athletes (ng/ml) were for thiamine 9.

[Selenium determination in blood plasma samples of high performance athletes].

Cooperating with the department "Sport- und Leistungsmedizin" of the university hospital of Freiburg/Brsg. we investigated the problem whether endurance stress leads to a significant change in the selenium blood concentration of athletes. We took blood samples of 13 test persons (11 men, 2 women) before, immediately after and 2 hours following a marathon course.

Blood and serum status of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in athletes and non-athletes.

Water- and fat-soluble vitamins have a key function in many metabolic processes and are of special importance for athletic performance. The water-soluble vitamins thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine as well as the fat-soluble vitamins beta-carotene, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol were determined by methods based on high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in serum or blood of non-athletes and athletes of different sports such as bodybuilders, cyclists, cross-country skiers, marathon runners, and swimmers. The values for the water-soluble vitamin were much higher in athletes, whereas the values for the fat-soluble vitamins were not much different compared to those found in non-athletes.

[The effect of temazepam on the functional capacity and metabolic and cardiocirculatory parameters in consideration of the "jet lag" syndrome].

In a double-blind placebo controlled study, 14 male healthy volunteers were examined the morning after they had received an evening dose of 20 mg temazepam (Planum) with regard to functional capacity, cardial, cardiovascular and respiratory regulation as well as neuromuscular excitability and metabolic changes. After being exposed to the bicycle ergometer load, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, glucose and lactate concentration were determined; furthermore the neuromuscular excitability of the musculus vastus medialis, musculus rectus femoris and musculus quadrizeps femoris was estimated. Despite unimportant capacity reductions (p greater than 0.

Influence of symptom-limited stress on blood lactate behaviour in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.

In order to document the possible influence of stress limiting factors (STLF: chest pain, ST-segment depression) on exercise-induced blood lactate increase in CHD patients (post myocardial infarction) 88 males were examined in a stepwise bicycle stress test. Blood lactate samples were drawn at the end of each stress step. The patients were divided into 2 groups without (n = 45) and with (n = 43) STLF, higher blood lactate concentrations, however, were only observed in relation to the exercise intensity reached at the end of the stress test.