Observational evidence reveals the significance of nocturnal chemistry in seasonal secondary organic aerosol formation.

Oxidized Organic Aerosol (OOA), a major component of fine atmospheric particles, impacts climate and human health. Previous experiments and atmospheric models emphasize the importance of nocturnal OOA formation from NO· oxidation of biogenic VOCs. This seasonal study extends the understanding by showing that nocturnal oxidation of biomass-burning emissions can account for up to half of total OOA production in fall and winter.

Correction: Impact of temperature-dependent non-PAN peroxynitrate formation, RONO, on nighttime atmospheric chemistry.

Correction for 'Impact of temperature-dependent non-PAN peroxynitrate formation, RONO, on nighttime atmospheric chemistry' by Michelle Färber , , 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp04163h.

Impact of temperature-dependent non-PAN peroxynitrate formation, RONO, on nighttime atmospheric chemistry.

The formation of peroxynitrates (RONO) from the reaction of peroxy radicals (RO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) and their subsequent redissociation are typically not included in chemical mechanisms. This is often done to save computational time as the assumption is that the equilibrium is strongly towards the RO + NO reaction for most conditions. Exceptions are the reactions of the methyl peroxy radical due to its abundance in the atmosphere and of acyl-RO radicals due to the long lifetime of peroxyacyl nitrates RONO (PANs).

Reply to Beilstein, C.M.; Wuethrich, P.Y. Comment on "Crettenand et al. Is Continuous Wound Infiltration a Better Option for Postoperative Pain Management after Open Nephrectomy Compared to Thoracic Epidural Analgesia? 2023, , 2974".

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Is Continuous Wound Infiltration a Better Option for Postoperative Pain Management after Open Nephrectomy Compared to Thoracic Epidural Analgesia?

Background: Despite increasingly advanced minimally invasive percutaneous ablation techniques, surgery remains the only evidence-based therapy in curative intent for larger (>3-4 cm) renal tumors. Although minimally invasive surgery using (robotic-assisted) laparoscopic or retroperitoneoscopic approaches has gained popularity, open nephrectomy (ON) is still performed in 25% of cases, especially in tumors with central localization (partial ON) or large tumors with/without cava thrombus (total ON). As postoperative pain is one of the drawbacks of ON, our study aims to assess recovery and post-operative pain management using continuous wound infiltration (CWI) compared to thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA).

Profit-Influencing Factors in Orthopedic Surgery: An Analysis of Costs and Reimbursements.

The aging population and the associated demand for orthopedic surgeries are increasing health costs. Although the Diagnostic Related Groups (DRG) system was introduced to offer incentives for hospitals, concerns remain that reimbursements for older and frail patients do not cover all hospital expenses. We investigated further: (1) Does age influence net financial results in orthopedic surgery? (2) Are there patient or surgical factors that influence results? This retrospective, monocentric study compares costs and reimbursements for orthopedic patients in a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland between 2015 and 2017.

Readmissions after elective orthopedic surgery in a comprehensive co-management care system-a retrospective analysis.

Background: No surgical intervention is without risk. Readmissions and reoperations after elective orthopedic surgery are common and are also stressful for the patient. It has been shown that a comprehensive ortho-medical co-management model decreases readmission rates in older patients suffering from hip fracture; but it is still unclear if this also applies to elective orthopedic surgery.

Highly Oxygenated Organic Nitrates Formed from NO Radical-Initiated Oxidation of β-Pinene.

The reactions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) with the nitrate radicals (NO) are major night-time sources of organic nitrates and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in regions influenced by BVOC and anthropogenic emissions. In this study, the formation of gas-phase highly oxygenated organic molecules-organic nitrates (HOM-ON) from NO-initiated oxidation of a representative monoterpene, β-pinene, was investigated in the SAPHIR chamber (Simulation of Atmosphere PHotochemistry In a large Reaction chamber). Six monomer (C = 7-10, N = 1-2, O = 6-16) and five accretion product (C = 17-20, N = 2-4, O = 9-22) families were identified and further classified into first- or second-generation products based on their temporal behavior.

Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis use in elective orthopaedic surgery - a cross-sectional analysis.

Purpose: Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) prevents surgical site infections (SSI). In orthopaedic surgery, the use of prolonged SAP (PSAP) has been reported in daily routine, despite guidelines advising against it. Therefore, we asked: What is the proportion of PSAP use, defined as administration of SAP ≥24 h after elective orthopaedic surgery? Are there patient- and surgery-related predictors of PSAP use?

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis investigated 1292 patients who underwent elective orthopaedic surgery including total joint arthroplasties at one Swiss centre between 2015 and 2017.

Gas-Particle Partitioning and SOA Yields of Organonitrate Products from NO-Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene under Varied Chemical Regimes.

Alkyl nitrate (AN) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the reaction of nitrate radicals (NO) with isoprene were observed in the Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction (SAPHIR) chamber during the NOIsop campaign in August 2018. Based on 15 day-long experiments under various reaction conditions, we conclude that the reaction has a nominally unity molar AN yield (observed range 90 ± 40%) and an SOA mass yield of OA + organic nitrate aerosol of 13-15% (with ∼50 μg m inorganic seed aerosol and 2-5 μg m total organic aerosol). Isoprene (5-25 ppb) and oxidant (typically ∼100 ppb O and 5-25 ppb NO) concentrations and aerosol composition (inorganic and organic coating) were varied while remaining close to ambient conditions, producing similar AN and SOA yields under all regimes.

Experimental and theoretical study on the impact of a nitrate group on the chemistry of alkoxy radicals.

The chemistry of nitrated alkoxy radicals, and its impact on RO2 measurements using the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, is examined by a combined theoretical and experimental study. Quantum chemical and theoretical kinetic calculations show that the decomposition of β-nitrate-alkoxy radicals is much slower than β-OH-substituted alkoxy radicals, and that the spontaneous fragmentation of the α-nitrate-alkyl radical product to a carbonyl product + NO2 prevents other β-substituents from efficiently reducing the energy barrier. The systematic series of calculations is summarized as an update to the structure-activity relationship (SAR) by Vereecken and Peeters (2009), and shows increasing decomposition rates with higher degrees of substitution, as in the series ethene to 2,3-dimethyl-butene, and dominant H-migration for sufficiently large alkoxy radicals such as those formed from 1-pentene or longer alkenes.

Preoperative decolonization and periprosthetic joint infections-A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up.

Preoperative decolonization, especially of Staphylococcus aureus carriers, has been proposed to reduce periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), but the evidence-based consensus is still lacking and data on long-term outcomes is scarce. In a previous randomized, single-blinded trial, decolonization produced no significant reduction of surgical site infections in overall elective orthopedic surgery at 3-month follow-up. A 2-year follow-up was then performed to specifically detect the impact of decolonization on delayed-onset PJI (3-24 months after surgery).

No Evidence for a Significant Impact of Heterogeneous Chemistry on Radical Concentrations in the North China Plain in Summer 2014.

The oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide by hydroperoxy (HO) and organic peroxy radicals (RO) is responsible for the chemical net ozone production in the troposphere and for the regeneration of hydroxyl radicals, the most important oxidant in the atmosphere. In Summer 2014, a field campaign was conducted in the North China Plain, where increasingly severe ozone pollution has been experienced in the last years. Chemical conditions in the campaign were representative for this area.

Does Preoperative Decolonization Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Elective Orthopaedic Surgery? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after elective orthopaedic surgery are very stressful for patients due to frequent rehospitalizations with reoperations and poorer functional outcomes. Prevention of such events is therefore crucial. Although an evidence-based consensus is still lacking, preoperative decolonization could decrease SSI.

The impact of hormones and reproductive factors on the risk of bladder cancer in women: results from the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II.

Background: With three out of four new bladder cancer (BCa) cases occurring in men, an apparent gender disparity exists. We aimed to investigate the role of hormonal and reproductive factors in BCa risk using two large female US prospective cohorts.

Methods: Our study population comprised 118 256 and 115 383 female registered nurses who were recruited in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II, respectively.

Fast Photochemistry in Wintertime Haze: Consequences for Pollution Mitigation Strategies.

In contrast to summer smog, the contribution of photochemistry to the formation of winter haze in northern mid-to-high latitude is generally assumed to be minor due to reduced solar UV and water vapor concentrations. Our comprehensive observations of atmospheric radicals and relevant parameters during several haze events in winter 2016 Beijing, however, reveal surprisingly high hydroxyl radical oxidation rates up to 15 ppbv/h, which is comparable to the high values reported in summer photochemical smog and is two to three times larger than those determined in previous observations during winter in Birmingham (Heard et al. 2004, 31, (18)), Tokyo (Kanaya et al.

Association between Inflammatory Potential of Diet and Bladder Cancer Risk: Results of 3 United States Prospective Cohort Studies.

Purpose: Inflammatory reaction has been linked to bladder cancer. Diet, which drives systemic inflammation, may be considered a modifiable risk factor for bladder cancer. We examined the association of diet with pro-inflammatory potential and bladder cancer risk using the novel EDIP (empirical dietary inflammatory pattern) score comprising predefined food groups determining a pattern most predictive of plasma inflammatory markers.

Prospective study of chronotype and incident depression among middle- and older-aged women in the Nurses' Health Study II.

Background: Prior cross-sectional studies have suggested that being a late chronotype is associated with depression and depressive symptoms, but prospective data are lacking.

Methods: We examined the association between chronotype and incident depression (defined as self-reported physician/clinician-diagnosed depression or antidepressant medication use) in 32,470 female participants of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort who self-reported their chronotype (early, intermediate or late) and were free of depression at baseline in 2009 (average age: 55 yrs). Women updated their depression status on biennial questionnaires in 2011 and 2013.

Ambient and laboratory observations of organic ammonium salts in PM.

Ambient measurements of PM aerosol chemical composition at Cabauw, the Netherlands, implicate higher ammonium concentrations than explained by the formation of inorganic ammonium salts. This additional particulate ammonium is called excess ammonium (e). Height profiles over the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR) tower, of combined ground based and airborne aerosol mass spectrometric (AMS) measurements on a Zeppelin airship show higher concentrations of e at higher altitudes compared to the ground.

Twenty years of ambient observations of nitrogen oxides and specified hydrocarbons in air masses dominated by traffic emissions in Germany.

The analysis of the individual composition of hydrocarbon (VOC) mixtures enables us to transform observed VOC-concentrations into their respective total VOC-reactivity versus OH radicals (RVOC = Σ(kOH+VOCi × [VOCi])). This is particularly useful because local ozone production essentially depends on this single parameter rather than on the details of the underlying hydrocarbon mixture (Klemp et al., Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Energy & Environment, 2012, 21).

ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE. Response to Comment on "Missing gas-phase source of HONO inferred from Zeppelin measurements in the troposphere".

Ye et al. have determined a maximum nitrous acid (HONO) yield of 3% for the reaction HO2·H2O + NO2, which is much lower than the yield used in our work. This finding, however, does not affect our main result that HONO in the investigated Po Valley region is mainly from a gas-phase source that consumes nitrogen oxides.

Bilateral Renal Autotransplantation May Be an Effective and Definitive Treatment in Case of Loin Pain Haematuria Syndrome.

Loin pain haematuria (LPHS) is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose syndrome. Different therapeutic approaches have been used historically with little or no success. We report a case of LPHS in which bilateral renal autotransplantation led to pain relief, cessation of all medication and no recurrence beyond two years of follow-up.