Simulation-informed learning for time-resolved angiographic contrast agent concentration reconstruction.

Three-dimensional Digital Subtraction Angiography (3D-DSA) is a well-established X-ray-based technique for visualizing vascular anatomy. Recently, four-dimensional DSA (4D-DSA) reconstruction algorithms have been developed to enable the visualization of volumetric contrast flow dynamics through time-series of volumes. This reconstruction problem is ill-posed mainly due to vessel overlap in the projection direction and geometric vessel foreshortening, which leads to information loss in the recorded projection images.

An interactive task-based method for the avoidance of metal artifacts in CBCT.

Purpose: Intraoperative cone-beam CT imaging enables 3D validation of implant positioning and fracture reduction for orthopedic and trauma surgeries. However, the emergence of metal artifacts, especially in the vicinity of metallic objects, severely degrades the clinical value of the imaging modality. In previous works, metal artifact avoidance (MAA) methods have been shown to reduce metal artifacts by adapting the scanning trajectory.

Gradient-based geometry learning for fan-beam CT reconstruction.

Incorporating computed tomography (CT) reconstruction operators into differentiable pipelines has proven beneficial in many applications. Such approaches usually focus on the projection data and keep the acquisition geometry fixed. However, precise knowledge of the acquisition geometry is essential for high quality reconstruction results.

Surgical navigation for guidewire placement from intraoperative fluoroscopy in orthopaedic surgery.

. Surgical guidewires are commonly used in placing fixation implants to stabilize fractures. Accurate positioning of these instruments is challenged by difficulties in 3D reckoning from 2D fluoroscopy.

Institutional Tobacco Policy and Tobacco Use Among Kansas Sheriffs' Staff and Individuals Incarcerated in Jail.

This article describes the factors that contribute to Kansas county jails' tobacco culture to identify reasons for high tobacco use and intervention opportunities. Kansas sheriffs' offices were asked to complete a novel 26-item survey from August through November 2019, and 40% responded. A few reported that tobacco cessation counseling was available to staff (31%) or incarcerated individuals (12%).

Use of a Smartphone App Versus Motivational Interviewing to Increase Walking Distance and Weight Loss in Overweight/Obese Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease: Pilot Randomized Trial.

Background: Walking therapy improves functional outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Less is known about the additive benefit of a dietary intervention.

Objective: Our objectives were to develop a smartphone app and, as a pilot, explore its potential efficacy as compared to motivational interviewing (MI) to increase walking distance and promote weight loss in overweight/obese adults with PAD.

An outbreak of multiple genotypes of Listeria monocytogenes in New Zealand linked to contaminated ready-to-eat meats-a retrospective analysis using whole-genome sequencing.

Four cases of listeriosis in a hospital (A) in New Zealand were identified in 2012. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) used at the time identified four pulsotypes amongst the clinical isolates. Two of the pulsotypes matched to Listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat samples from a RTE producer tested during a nationwide microbiological survey the month prior.

Intraindividual comparison between femtosecond laser-assisted and conventional cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery using the Victus laser system and conventional cataract surgery.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.

Design: Prospective randomized case series.

[Prism adaptation test before strabismus surgery : Results of a survey and literature review].

Background: Variable preoperative deviations and compensatory mechanisms may cause wrong dosage of strabismus surgery and result in over- or undercorrection. A long-lasting prism adaptation test (PAT) before surgery is supposed to reduce those difficulties and to improve the postoperative results. To date, the use of prism adaptation before surgery has not been systematically examined.

Computer-assisted diagnosis of monocular elevation deficiency.

Our aim is to demonstrate the benefits of using a computer model to support the clinical diagnosis of complex eye motility disorders. For diagnosis and differential diagnosis we compared the clinical data of a patient with suspected monocular elevation deficiency (MED) and the corresponding computer simulation with the simulations of rectus superior palsy, vertical Duane miswiring syndrome and two simulations of asymmetric gaze palsy. We used our biomechanical eye model SEE-KID for the computer simulations, which is partly based on ideas and concepts of the software system Orbit™ by Joel Miller.

Ultrastructure and retinal imaging of internal limiting membrane: a clinicopathologic correlation of trypan blue stain in macular hole surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to correlate the ultrastructural morphology of epiretinal and retinal tissue with optical coherence tomography assessment and to investigate the effects of trypan blue staining on internal limiting membrane (ILM) tissue.

Methods: This was a prospective case-comparative study. Consecutive patients were recruited and underwent ILM peel with 0.

Ultrastructure and retinal imaging of epiretinal membrane: a clinicopathologic correlation of trypan blue staining in epiretinal membrane surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to correlate the ultrastructural morphology of epiretinal tissue with optical coherence tomography and to investigate the effects of trypan blue staining on epiretinal membrane (ERM) ultrastructure and clinical outcome.

Methods: A prospective, case-comparative study. Consecutive patients were recruited and underwent vitrectomy and ERM peeling with 0.

Idiopathic macular holes: ultrastructural aspects of surgical failure.

Purpose: To investigate the ultrastructure of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and epiretinal tissue in eyes with idiopathic macular holes that were not successfully closed by one operation.

Methods: A second vitrectomy with en bloc removal of the ILM and epimacular tissue was performed in 16 eyes with full-thickness macular holes after surgical failure. The specimens were processed for transmission electron microscopy.

Time-resolved investigation of coherently controlled electric currents at a metal surface.

Studies of current dynamics in solids have been hindered by insufficiently brief trigger signals and electronic detection speeds. By combining a coherent control scheme with photoelectron spectroscopy, we generated and detected lateral electron currents at a metal surface on a femtosecond time scale with a contact-free experimental setup. We used coherent optical excitation at the light frequencies omega(a) and omega(a)/2 to induce the current, whose direction was controlled by the relative phase between the phase-locked laser excitation pulses.

[The primary objective in macular hole surgery. Ultrastructural features of the vitreomacular interface].

We compared the ultrastructure of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) and epiretinal tissue in closed and non-closed, idiopathic macular holes (MH). Peeling of ILM and epimacular tissue during vitrectomy was successfully performed on 77 eyes with stage III MH and on 19 eyes with stage IV MH. In 16 additional eyes with non-closed MH, we performed a second vitrectomy with extended ILM removal.

Ultrastructure of the vitreomacular interface in full-thickness idiopathic macular holes: a consecutive analysis of 100 cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the ultrastructure of the vitreoretinal interface in stage III and stage IV idiopathic macular holes.

Design: A consecutive observational case series, laboratory investigation.

Methods: Pars plana vitrectomy with en-bloc removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and epimacular tissue was performed by one surgeon in 80 eyes with stage III macular holes and in 20 eyes with stage IV macular holes.

Evaluation of the internal limiting membrane after conventional peeling during macular hole surgery.

We evaluated the histologic features of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina removed during macular hole surgery without indocyanine green staining. Our investigation focused on the presence or absence of retinal structures adherent to the retinal surface of the ILM. Because only tiny retinal cellular fragments were observed especially in ILM folds, we conclude that conventional ILM peeling can be performed safely with a cleavage plane between the retinal surface of the ILM and Müller cell endfeet.

Staining and peeling of the internal limiting membrane in the cat eye.

Purpose: To investigate the cat vitreomacular interface using trypan blue (TB) and indocyanine green (ICG) and to determine the validity of the cat model in terms of staining and peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM).

Methods: Lensectomy and vitrectomy were performed in four eyes of two cats. The ILM of two eyes was stained with TB (0.

Epiretinal pathology of diffuse diabetic macular edema associated with vitreomacular traction.

Purpose: To investigate the ultrastructure of the vitreomacular interface in patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema (DDME) associated with vitreomacular traction.

Design: Laboratory investigation.

Methods: Fifty-five consecutive patients with DDME underwent vitrectomy with en-bloc removal of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) and epimacular tissue.

Time-resolved two-photon photoemission of buried interface states in Ar/Cu(100).

We demonstrate the existence of buried image-potential states at the interface between thick Ar films and a Cu(100) substrate. The electron dynamics of these solid-solid interface states, energetically located above the vacuum level in the band gaps of both materials, could be investigated with time-resolved two-photon photoemission for an Ar layer thickness up to 200 A. Relaxation on time scales between 40 and 200 fs occurs via two distinct channels, resonant tunneling through the insulating layer into the vacuum and electron-hole pair decay in the metal.

Ultrastructure of vitreomacular traction syndrome associated with persistent hyaloid artery.

Aim: To demonstrate the ultrastructure of vitreomacular traction associated with persistent hyaloid artery.

Methods: Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in a 66-year-old man with progressive vitreomacular traction associated with a persistent hyaloid artery. Epimacular tissue was peeled and processed for transmission electron microscopy.

Impact of feline zona pellucida glycoprotein B-derived synthetic peptides on in vitro fertilization of cat oocytes.

Although immunocontraception based on porcine zona pellucida (ZP) proteins is widely applied in many species, it is not suitable for cat contraception due to the lack of cross-reactivity. Since the first ZP gene expressed during oocyte growth in domestic cats is ZPB, we assumed that immunization with feline ZPB (fZPB)-derived synthetic peptides may cause irreversible infertility, which would be preferable in stray cats. Thus, the present study evaluated the immunogenicity and the contraceptive potential of synthetic fZPB peptides.

Posterior vitreous detachment induced by microplasmin.

Purpose: To demonstrate the efficacy of microplasmin in inducing posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and to evaluate the human and the feline retina after treatment.

Methods: Thirteen human donor eyes were injected with 62.5, 125, or 188 micro g microplasmin.

Epiretinal pathology of vitreomacular traction syndrome.

Aims: To investigate the ultrastructure of the vitreoretinal interface in patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome.

Methods: 14 patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy. After induction of posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal tissue and the inner limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina were removed, and processed for transmission electron microscopy.

Application of an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for rapid screening of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (DHP) in blood plasma of the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus.

Populations of African (Loxodonta Africana) and Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in zoos and safari parks are at risk due to their low reproductive success. To extend the limited knowledge of their reproductive physiology, the development of easy and practical methods for the analysis of the relevant reproductive hormones is essential to support e.g.