Do we need separate screening strategies for cytomegalovirus retinitis in different underlying immunosuppressed states? A retrospective study from Western India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features, course, and clinical outcomes of eyes with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in immunosuppressed patients of different etiologies.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study from a single ophthalmic tertiary care center. The patients included referrals from the nodal cancer center and the local human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment clinic.

Pattern of Recurrent Inflammation following Anti-tubercular Therapy for Ocular Tuberculosis.

Purpose: To investigate recurrence patterns following anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) in different anatomical presentations of ocular tuberculosis (OTB).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinically diagnosed OTB patients divided anatomically into groups A (anterior + intermediate uveitis) and B (posterior + panuveitis). Recurrence was defined as reappearance of intraocular inflammation in a quiescent eye following completion of at least 6-months ATT.

Characteristics of 'sawtooth shunt' following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of 'sawtooth shunts (STS)' following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Methods: In a prospective observational study, 45 eyes of 24 babies receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF for AP-ROP or hybrid ROP were analyzed.

Effect of Adjunctive Pars Plana Vitrectomy on Focal Posterior Segment Inflammation: A Case-Control Study in Tuberculosis-Associated Uveitis.

Purpose: Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is commonly performed for managing complications of uveitis but the anti-inflammatory potential of PPV has not been extensively investigated beyond aqueous/vitreous inflammation. We studied the effect of PPV on resolution of focal posterior segment lesions in tuberculosis-associated uveitis (TBU).

Design: Case control study.

Normalised quantitative polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of tuberculosis-associated uveitis.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis of tuberculosis-associated uveitis (TBU) in TB-endemic countries is challenging due to likelihood of latent mycobacterial infection in both immune and non-immune cells. In this study, we investigated normalised quantitative PCR (nqPCR) in ocular fluids (aqueous/vitreous) for diagnosis of TBU in a TB-endemic population. Mycobacterial copy numbers (mpb64 gene) were normalised to host genome copy numbers (RNAse P RNA component H1 [RPPH1] gene) in TBU (n = 16) and control (n = 13) samples (discovery cohort).

Choroidal neovascular membrane in paediatric patients: clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Purpose: To analyse the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) in paediatric subjects at three paediatric retina referral centres.

Methods: Medical charts of patients aged 18 years or less with a diagnosis of CNVM were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic profile, laterality, presenting complaint, corrected vision, underlying pathology, fundus, fundus fluorescein angiogram and optical coherence tomogram (OCT) were analysed.

Bilateral macular infarction after gemcitabine and carboplatin chemotherapy.

Purpose: To report a case of macular infarction after doublet chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin.

Methods: A middle-aged lady presenting with bilateral macular infarction post-chemotherapy for metastatic cervical malignancy was investigated for thromboembolic risks and treated.

Results: The macular perfusion and edema improved with control of hypertension and treatment with pentoxifylline.

Salmonella Typhi Associated Endogenous Endophthalmitis: A Case Report and a Review of Literature.

Aim: To report a rare case of Salmonella typhi associated endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent male and to review the available literature.

Methods: Retrospective chart review.

Results: A 28-year-old immunocompetent male presented with a 3-day-old history of pain, redness and diminished vision in his left eye.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage and vision loss after regional ocular anesthesia.

Purpose: To report two cases of retinal vascular occlusion and associated subconjunctival hemorrhage in needle optic nerve injury during local bulbar anesthesia.

Methods: Surgical records of these two subjects who presented with acute vision loss after cataract extraction were studied, and systemic workup and ocular imaging were carried out to establish the cause.

Results: Computerized tomography showed evidence of optic nerve injury.

Choriovitreal ingrowth of a large choroidal vessel after scatter retinal photocoagulation.

Choriovitreal ingrowth of a large choroidal vessel is a known complication of intense focal retinal laser photocoagulation. With a standard grey-white burn in panretinal photocoagulation where the power density used is low, such an invasion is rarely reported. We came across the complication in a clinical scenario where a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and associated ocular ischemic syndrome developed the neovascular ingrowth after scatter retinal photocoagulation.

Posterior scleritis with retinal pigment epithelium rip: an unusual presentation.

Posterior scleritis is a great mimicker and can cause irreversible visual loss because of late or misdiagnosis. We report a case of retinal pigment epithelial rip in the event of nodular posterior scleritis that is hardly reported in the literature. The authors hypothesize the rip to be a result of inflammation, exudation and continuing pressure by the fluid or granuloma on the pigment epithelium.

Factors influencing polymerase chain reaction outcomes in patients with clinically suspected ocular tuberculosis.

Background: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay can be a useful method for definitive diagnosis in paucibacillary infections such as ocular tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we have evaluated factors affecting PCR outcomes in patients with clinically suspected ocular TB. Patients with clinically suspected ocular TB were investigated by PCR of aqueous or vitreous samples.

Degree, duration, and causes of visual impairment in eyes affected with ocular tuberculosis.

Background: Ocular tuberculosis (TB) can affect nearly every ocular tissue, leading to a variety of vision-threatening clinical manifestations. The goal of this study is to estimate the degree, duration, and causes of visual impairment in eyes affected by ocular TB.

Results: This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed as ocular TB based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.