Augmenting Vaccine Efficacy against Delta Variant with 'Mycobacterium-'-Mediated Modulation of NK-ADCC and TLR-MYD88 Pathways.

Mycobacterium- (Mw) was shown to boost adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and protect against COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. As a follow-up of the trial, 50 healthcare workers (HCW) who had received Mw in September 2020 and subsequently received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Mw + ChAdOx1 group) were monitored for symptomatic COVID-19 during a major outbreak with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (April-June 2021), along with 201 HCW receiving both doses of the vaccine without Mw (ChAdOx1 group). Despite 48% having received just a single dose of the vaccine in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, only two had mild COVID-19, compared to 36 infections in the ChAdOx1 group (HR-0.

Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19.

The kinetics of NKG2C adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and NKG2Ainhibitory NK (iNK) cells with respect to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were studied for 6 months in a cohort of healthcare workers following the administration of the heat-killed (Mw group) in comparison to a control group. In both groups, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) correlated with lower NKG2CANK cells at baseline. There was a significant upregulation of NKG2C expression and IFN-γ release in the Mw group (p=0.

Impact of adaptive natural killer cells, KLRC2 genotype and cytomegalovirus reactivation on late mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 lung disease.

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 infection results in severe lung disease in up to 50% of hospitalised patients. The aetiopathogenesis in a subset of such patients, who continue to have progressive pulmonary disease following virus clearance, remains unexplored.

Methods: We investigated the role of NKG2C/NKG2A adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells, KLRC2 genotype and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in 22 such patients.

Early and Sustained Expansion of Adaptive Natural Killer Cells Following Haploidentical Transplantation and CTLA4Ig-Primed Donor Lymphocyte Infusions Dissociate Graft-versus-Leukemia and Graft-versus-Host Effects.

Background: Adaptive or memory natural killer (NK) cells with epigenetic imprints similar to memory T cells have been shown to develop in response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with upregulation of activating receptor NKG2C. These cells have been shown to possess strong anti-tumour efficacy both in-vitro as well as in-vivo.

Objectives: To determine if reconstitution of adaptive NK cells (CD56NKG2CNKG2A) in patients with advanced leukemia undergoing haploidentical HCT had any impact on disease progression (DP).