Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration Status in a Medical Licensing Educational Resource: a Systematic, Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Background: Medical students preparing for the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) Exam frequently use the UWorld Step 2 CK Question Bank (QBank). Over 90% of medical students use UWorld QBanks to prepare for at least one USMLE. Although several questions in the QBank mention race, ethnicity, or immigration status, their contributions to the QBank remain underexamined.

Hospital Policies During COVID-19: An Analysis of Visitor Restrictions.

Objective: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals have developed visitor restriction policies in order to mitigate spread of infection. We reviewed hospital visitor restriction policies for consistency and to develop recommendations to highlight fair and transparent restrictions, exceptions, and appeals in policy development and implementation.

Design: Collection and analysis of public-facing visitor restriction policies during the first 3 months of the pandemic.

Assessment of Skin Phenotype Representation in a Popular Medical Licensing Educational Resource.

This cross-sectional study examines the representation of darker skin phenotypes in tools used by students in preparation for medical licensure testing.

Structural and biochemical analysis of phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase from the pine wilt nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

In free-living and parasitic nematodes, the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine provides a key metabolite to sustain phospholipid biosynthesis for growth and development. Because the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases (PMT) of nematodes are essential for normal growth and development, these enzymes are potential targets of inhibitor design. The pine wilt nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) causes extensive damage to trees used for lumber and paper in Asia.

Professionalism and Ethics: A Standardized Patient Observed Standardized Clinical Examination to Assess ACGME Pediatric Professionalism Milestones.

Introduction: The ethical skills fundamental to medical practice encompass a large portion of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) professionalism milestones. Yet many ethical practices are difficult to reduce to milestone frameworks given the variety of traditions of moral reasoning that clinician-trainees and their colleagues might properly employ.

Methods: We developed an observed standardized clinical examination (OSCE) simulation with standardized patients to assess the ethical skills captured in professionalism milestones in pediatrics.