Light exposure profiles differ between myopes and non-myopes outside school hours.

Purpose: Considering the putative role of light in myopia, and variations in socioeconomic, lifestyle, educational and environmental factors across ethnicities, we objectively investigated light exposure patterns in Indian school children.

Methods: The light exposure profile of 143 school children (9-15 years, 50 myopes) recorded using a validated wearable light tracker for six continuous days was analysed. Additional data for non-school days were available for 87 children (26 myopes).

Biometry-Based Technique for Determining the Anterior Scleral Thickness: Validation Using Optical Coherence Tomography Landmarks.

Purpose: Considering the potential role of anterior scleral thickness (AST) in myopia and the ubiquitous use of optical biometers, we applied and validated a biometry-based technique for estimating AST using optical coherence tomography (OCT) landmarks.

Methods: The AST was determined across four meridians in 62 participants (aged 20-37 years) with a swept-source OCT and a noncontact optical biometer at a mean ± SD distance of 3.13 ± 0.

Is There Any Association between Nutrition and Myopia? A Systematic Review.

Significance: This systematic review highlights the possible role of nutrition in myopia based on qualitative analysis of vast and diverse literature that investigated this association.

Purpose: We systematically reviewed the outcomes of the studies that previously investigated the association between nutrition and myopia.

Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched by two independent authors to identify cross-sectional, cohort, retrospective, or interventional studies that assessed the association of nutrition with myopia from inception to the year 2021.

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Myopia is a common refractive error, where elongation of the eyeball causes distant objects to appear blurred. The increasing prevalence of myopia is a growing global public health problem, in terms of rates of uncorrected refractive error and significantly, an increased risk of visual impairment due to myopia-related ocular morbidity. Since myopia is usually detected in children before 10 years of age and can progress rapidly, interventions to slow its progression need to be delivered in childhood.

Influence of location, season and time of day on the spectral composition of ambient light: Investigation for application in myopia.

Purpose: Given the possible role of spectral composition of light and myopia, this study aimed at investigating the variation in the spectral composition of ambient light in different (a) outdoor/indoor locations, (b) time of a day and (c) seasons.

Methods: The spectral power distribution (SPD), categorised into short (380-500 nm), middle (505-565 nm) and long wavelengths (625-780 nm), was recorded using a handheld spectrometer at three outdoor locations ('open playground', 'under shade of tree' and 'canopy') and three indoor locations ('room with multiple windows', 'closed room' and 'closed corridor'). Readings were taken at five different time points (3-h intervals between 6:30 and 18:00 hours) on two days, each during the summer and monsoon seasons.

Development and validation of a 'MyLyt' wearable light tracking device.

Purpose: We developed a clip-on light tracker (MyLyt) for estimating light exposure in real time. This study aimed at validating and investigating the feasibility of using MyLyt in children and adults.

Method: The study was conducted in two phases.

Refractive development in individuals with ocular and oculocutaneous albinism.

Purpose: Albinism is known to disrupt emmetropisation in animal models. However, it is not clear if the same effect is seen in humans. This study aimed to investigate the refractive profile in individuals diagnosed with ocular albinism (OA) and oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) based on a large dataset.

Time spent outdoors as an intervention for myopia prevention and control in children: an overview of systematic reviews.

Purpose: Outdoor light exposure is considered a safe and effective strategy to reduce myopia development and aligns with existing public health initiatives to promote healthier lifestyles in children. However, it is unclear whether this strategy reduces myopia progression in eyes that are already myopic. This study aims to conduct an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) reporting time spent outdoors as a strategy to prevent myopia or slow its progression in children.

Short-Term Exposure to Blue Light Shows an Inhibitory Effect on Axial Elongation in Human Eyes Independent of Defocus.

Purpose: Given the potential role of light and its wavelength on ocular growth, we investigated the effect of short-term exposure to the red, green, and blue light on ocular biometry in the presence and absence of lens-induced defocus in humans.

Methods: Twenty-five young adults were exposed to blue (460 nm), green (521 nm), red (623 nm), and white light conditions for 1-hour each on 4 separate experimental sessions conducted on 4 different days. In each light condition, hyperopic defocus (3D) was induced to the right eye with the fellow eye experiencing no defocus.

Do rectus muscle parameters vary between emmetropes and myopes?

Purpose: This study investigated the thickness, area, and insertion site of the medial (MR) and lateral (LR) rectus muscles in individuals with emmetropia and different degrees of myopia.

Methods: Swept-source optical coherence tomography images of the MR and LR muscles in 80 participants including emmetropes (spherical equivalent refractive error [SER] ±0.50 D, N = 14) and myopes (≤ -0.

Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.

Purpose: Considering that time spent outdoors is protective for myopia, we investigated how ambient light levels reaching the eye varies across 9 outdoor and 4 indoor locations in 5 different environmental conditions.

Methods: Illuminance (lux) was recorded using a lux meter under conditions of weather (sunny/cloudy), time of a day (7:00,10:00,13:00, and 16:00 hours), seasons (summer/winter), and sun protection (hat and cap) in outdoor and indoor locations. Nine outdoor locations were "open playground", "under a translucent artificial-shade", "under a porch facing east", "under a porch facing south", "under a big tree", "between three buildings", "within 4 buildings", and "canopy".

Quantitative corneal neural imaging using confocal microscopy in cases of congenital corneal anesthesia: A prospective analysis and clinical correlation.

Purpose: Congenital corneal anesthesia (CCA) is a rare clinical entity that poses a diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the pediatric age group with very little literature on this. Accurate initial diagnosis, evaluation, early identification of risk factors, aggressive systemic workup, and appropriate therapy are paramount to prevent visual loss due to long-term complications of corneal anesthesia. The purpose of the study was to estimate and compare the corneal neural architecture using real time, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in patients with CCA as against a control population.

Anterior Sclera Undergoes Thinning with Increasing Degree of Myopia.

Purpose: Considering that ocular expansion is associated with scleral thinning, this study investigated variation in scleral thickness (anterior scleral thickness [AST] and posterior scleral thickness [PST]) in different meridians across emmetropes and a wide range of myopes.

Methods: A total of 95 participants (mean age, 24 ± 4 years) including emmetropes (spherical equivalent refractive error, ±0.75 diopters [D]; n = 20) and myopes (-1.

Outcomes of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in 198 eyes with fungal keratitis.

Purpose: To study the outcomes of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in fungal keratitis.

Methods: This retrospective, observational, interventional case series involved an audit of 198 consecutive eyes that underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (ThPK) for fungal keratitis at L V Prasad Eye Institute between January 2008 and December 2010 was performed. The data on demographics, clinical characteristics, intraoperative, and late postoperative complications were noted.

Corneal Endothelial Cell Density in Uveal Coloboma Associated With Microcornea.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between endothelial cell density (ECD) and mean corneal diameter (MCD) in eyes with uveal coloboma associated with microcornea.

Methods: Corneal endothelial cell imaging was performed using specular microscopy on 22 eyes of 18 subjects diagnosed with uveal coloboma associated with microcornea. The MCD was noted as the average of horizontal and vertical corneal diameters, which were measured using the ruler tool of the slit-lamp biomicroscope and Castroviejo calipers.

Patterns of posterior ocular complications in myopic eyes of Indian population.

This is a retrospective study aimed to investigate the patterns of myopic fundus complications in Indian children and young adults. Electronic medical records of 29,592 patients, aged 10-40 years, who visited L V Prasad Eye Institute between 1 January to 31 December 2016 were analysed in the study. Data such as age, gender, refractive error and various pathologic lesions of posterior globe were considered for analysis.