Molecular Engineering of Ultrabright Biomimetic NanoGhost for Site-Selective Tumor Imaging and Biodistribution.

Optically active ultrabright imaging agents are shown to delineate tumor location with deep tissue visualization in pre noclinical tumor models. NanoGhosts (NGs) particles are reconstructed from the cell membrane and integrated with organic fluorophores to attain ultra-brightness for solid tumor imaging. Moreover, the integration of amphiphilic and lipophilic molecules reveals structural characteristics of NGs (≈70 nm), which also alter their brightness.

Pristine NiMOF Sandwiched between 1D and 3D Engineered Au Particles and Dendrites for Ultraswift Folic Acid Sensing in Cellular Microenvironment.

Catalytic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based sensor matrices can act synergistically with Au metallic nanostructures to generate amplified signal readouts by causing the electro-oxidation of the target analyte. Folic acid (FA), an essential water-soluble vitamin and a precursor for enzymes, requires timely and precise monitoring in the serum of individuals with varying clinical diagnoses. An attempt has been made in this direction through our work, where the rapid detection of FA through its oxidation at metal centers from hybrid nanomaterials is deployed for signal generation.

Photothermally Active Quantum Dots in Cancer Imaging and Therapeutics: Nanotheranostics Perspective.

Cancer is becoming a global threat, as the cancerous cells manipulate themselves frequently, resulting in mutants and more abnormalities. Early-stage and real-time detection of cancer biomarkers can provide insight into designing cost-effective diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Nanoparticle and quantum dot (QD)-based approaches have been recognized as clinically relevant methods to detect disease biomarkers at the molecular level.

Versatile Approaches of Quantum Dots in Biosensing and Imaging.

Cancer is considered a formidable global health threat, despite substantial strides in diagnosis, detection, and therapeutic strategies. Remarkable progress has been achieved in these realms, yet the survival rates for cancer patients have persisted at suboptimal levels over decades. Acknowledging the need to address the ongoing challenges in cancer survival rates, research efforts are being made to push the boundaries of innovation in diagnostic techniques, bioimaging, and drug delivery technologies.

Emissive Lipid Nanoparticles as Biophotonic Contrast Agent for Site-Selective Solid Tumor Imaging in Pre-Clinical Models.

Small organic dye-based fluorescent agents are highly potent in solid tumor imaging but face challenges such as poor photostability, nonspecific distribution, low circulation, and weak tumor binding. Nanocarriers overcome these issues with better physicochemical and biological performance, particularly in cancer imaging. Among the various nanosized carriers, lipid formulations are clinically approved but yet to be designed as bright nanocontrast agents for solid tumor diagnosis without affecting surrounding tissues.

Stimuli Responsive Molecular Exchange of Structure Directing Agents on Gold Nanobipyramids: Cancer Cell Detection and Synergistic Therapeutics.

Surface-engineered gold nanoparticles have been considered as versatile systems for theranostics applications. Moreover, surface covering or stabilizing agents on gold nanoparticles especially gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) provides an extra space for cargo molecules entrapment. However, it is not well studied yet and also the preparation of AuNBPs still remains dependent largely on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cytotoxic surfactant.

Smartphone-Integrated Automated Sensor Employing Electrochemically Engineered 3D Bimetallic Nanoflowers for Hydrogen Peroxide Quantification in Milk.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO), one of the reactive oxygen species in living beings, serves as a regulator of various cellular processes. However, excessive peroxide concentrations are linked to oxidative stress and promptly disrupt cellular components, leading to several pathological conditions in the body. Moreover, it is extremely reactive and has a limited lifetime; thus, HO sensing remains a prominent focus of research.

Printed circuit boards: system automation and alternative matrix for biosensing.

Circuit integration has revolutionized the diagnostic sector by improving the sensing ability and rapidity of biosensors. Bioelectronics has led to the development of point-of-care (PoC) devices, offering superior performance compared with conventional biosensing systems. These devices have lower production costs, are smaller, and have greater reproducibility, enabling the construction of compact sensing modules.

Insights into the Fabrication and Electrochemical Aspects of Paper Microfluidics-Based Biosensor Module.

Over the past ten years, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (micro-PADs) have attracted a lot of attention as a viable analytical platform. It is expanding as a result of advances in manufacturing processes and device integration. Conventional microfluidics approaches have some drawbacks, including high costs, lengthy evaluation times, complicated fabrication, and the necessity of experienced employees.

Chemically engineered unzipped multiwalled carbon nanotube and rGO nanohybrid for ultrasensitive picloram detection in rice water and soil samples.

Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) is a chlorinated herbicide that has been discovered to be tenacious and relatively durable in both soil and water. It is known to have adverse and unpleasant effects on humans causing several health complications. Therefore, the determination of picloram is profoundly effective because of its bio-accumulative and persistent nature.

Electrochemical Nano-Imprinting of Trimetallic Dendritic Surface for Ultrasensitive Detection of Cephalexin in Pharmaceutical Formulations.

Cephalexin (CFX), a first-generation cephalosporin, is used to treat various infectious diseases. Although antibiotics have achieved considerable progress in the eradication of infectious diseases, their incorrect and excessive usage has contributed to various side effects, such as mouth soreness, pregnancy-related pruritus, and gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, epigastric discomfort, vomiting, diarrhoea, and haematuria. In addition to this, it also causes antibiotic resistance, one of the most pressing problems in the medical field.

Clinically Deployable Bioelectronic Sensing Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of Transferrin in Serum Sample.

Varying levels of transferrin (Tf) have been associated with different disease conditions and are known to play a crucial role in various malignancies. Regular monitoring of the variations in Tf levels can be useful for managing related diseases, especially for the prognosis of certain cancers. We fabricated an immunosensor based on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to indirectly detect Tf levels in cancer patients.

Drug Encapsulated Lipid-Polymeric Nanohybrid as a Chemo-therapeutic Platform of Cancer.

The focus of this research is to design a bioengineered drug delivery vehicle that is efficient in anti-cancer drug delivery in a controlled manner. The experimental work focuses on constructing a methotrexate-loaded nano lipid polymer system (MTX-NLPHS) that can transport methotrexate (MTX) in MCF-7 cell lines in a controlled manner through endocytosis via phosphatidylcholine. In this experiment, MTX is embedded with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) in phosphatidylcholine, which acts as a liposomal framework for regulated drug delivery.

Nano-Engineered Surface Comprising Metallic Dendrites for Biomolecular Analysis in Clinical Perspective.

Metallic dendrites, a class of three-dimensional nanostructured materials, have drawn a lot of interests in the recent years because of their interesting hierarchical structures and distinctive features. They are a hierarchical self-assembled array of primary, secondary, and terminal branches with a plethora of pointed ends, ridges, and edges. These features provide them with larger active surface areas.

Integrated lab-on-a-chip devices: Fabrication methodologies, transduction system for sensing purposes.

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) biosensors have recently piqued the interest of the research community as a result of its potential utility in personal healthcare and disease diagnostics. LOCs devices have been consistently developed over the last decades as merging microfluidics onto a single chip for performing many lab studies at the same time, such as biochemical and biomolecular detection. Molding, microcontact printing, micromachining, and other techniques were used in the preliminary advancement of miniature sensing platforms known as micro total analysis systems (μTAS).

Biomass-derived carbon nanomaterials for sensor applications.

In recent years, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to utilizing dedicated waste biomass as a sustainable, cheap, and abundant fuel and material source. There is a tremendous opportunity for maximizing energy production by applying different reliable waste biomass as a renewable, affordable, and excellent resource. As a result of renewable hydrocarbons such as biomass, bioenergy is produced, green chemicals are manufactured, and carbon materials are made.

Ligand conjugated lipid-based nanocarriers for cancer theranostics.

Cancer is one of the major health-related issues affecting the population worldwide and subsequently accounts for the second-largest death. Genetic and epigenetic modifications in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes affect the regulatory systems that lead to the initiation and progression of cancer. Conventional methods, including chemotherapy/radiotherapy/appropriate combinational therapy and surgery, are being widely used for theranostics of cancer patients.

Antibody-receptor bioengineering and its implications in designing bioelectronic devices.

Antibodies play a crucial role in the defense mechanism countering pathogens or foreign antigens in eukaryotes. Its potential as an analytical and diagnostic tool has been exploited for over a century. It forms immunocomplexes with a specific antigen, which is the basis of immunoassays and aids in developing potent biosensors.

Ultrasensitive Aptasensors for the Detection of Viruses Based on Opto-Electrochemical Readout Systems.

Viral infections are becoming the foremost driver of morbidity, mortality and economic loss all around the world. Treatment for diseases associated to some deadly viruses are challenging tasks, due to lack of infrastructure, finance and availability of rapid, accurate and easy-to-use detection methods or devices. The emergence of biosensors has proven to be a success in the field of diagnosis to overcome the challenges associated with traditional methods.

Up regulated virulence genes in M. tuberculosis H37Rv gleaned from genome wide expression profiles.

Identification of up regulated virulence genes in M. tuberculosis H37Rv using genome wide expression profiles is of interest in drug discovery for the disease. Hence, we report 17 up-regulated PPIN (Protein-Protein Interaction Network) enriched potential virulence linked genes using expression data available at the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for further consideration.