Publications by authors named "Rohan Garje"

Background: Breast and prostate tumors are known to be less responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Tissue-based tumor mutation burden (tTMB) has emerged as a predictive biomarker of response to ICIs, including in these "cold tumors". In clinical practice, when tTMB is not available, blood-based TMB score (bTMB) can be used to consider treatment with ICIs.

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Purpose: The acid phosphatase 1 () gene encodes low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PC) and a potential therapeutic target. We analyzed expression in primary/metastatic PC and its association with molecular profiles and clinical outcomes.

Methods: NextGen sequencing of DNA (592-gene/whole-exome sequencing)/RNA(whole-transcriptome sequencing) was performed for 5,028 specimens.

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Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radical cystectomy (RC) is the preferred first-line treatment for localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Due to the concern about morbidity associated with RC, the elderly population considers bladder preservation alternatives. Guidelines suggest partial cystectomy (PC) can be considered a viable option in carefully selected individuals.

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  • The study assessed the effectiveness of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum chemotherapy in men with prostate cancer (PC) and specific genetic mutations related to DNA repair.
  • It utilized data from the PROMISE consortium to compare outcomes between three groups based on their mutation profiles: one with direct BRCA complex interactions and two without.
  • Results showed that patients with BRCA mutations had significantly better responses to PARPi, including higher PSA response rates and longer progression-free survival, compared to those without direct BRCA interactions.
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  • Lutetium 177 (Lu-PSMA-617) is a targeted therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and baseline Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT parameters may help determine treatment effectiveness.
  • The analysis used data from the VISION trial, where participants received either Lu-PSMA-617 plus standard care or standard care alone, focusing on how various PET parameters related to treatment outcomes like survival and response rates.
  • Results showed that higher whole-body tumor standardized uptake value (SUV) was linked to better treatment outcomes; for every 1-unit increase in SUV, the risk of radiographic progression and death decreased, indicating Lu-PS
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Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with radical cystectomy (RC) is the preferred first-line treatment for localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). In recent years, octogenarians have been undergoing RC uneventfully, but studies showed older adults receive NAC less often. We studied the utilization and effect of RC with or without NAC in octogenarians and compared survival outcomes between responders and non-responders.

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  • Aberrant Wnt signaling is linked to advanced prostate cancer, but its genetic impact on patients is still uncertain.
  • A study analyzed data from the PROMISE database, finding that 12.9% of patients had Wnt alterations which were associated with significantly higher rates of liver and lung metastases compared to those without these alterations.
  • Despite the increased prevalence of other genetic mutations in Wnt-altered patients, there were no significant differences in overall survival or treatment outcomes between groups.
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  • B7-H3 (CD276) is a transmembrane glycoprotein associated with the immune checkpoint superfamily and is being researched as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
  • A study analyzed over 156,000 cancer samples to assess the correlation of B7-H3 mRNA expression with clinical outcomes, finding that high B7-H3 levels are linked to varying overall survival rates and are present in multiple cancer types, including prostate and lung cancers.
  • The research identified specific pathways related to high B7-H3 expression and the immunological environment of tumors, suggesting that the unique features of B7-H3 in different cancers may guide the development and application of targeted therapies.
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  • The study looked at how often men with advanced prostate cancer get tested with a special method called next-generation sequencing (NGS) to find helpful information about their disease.
  • They analyzed data from 1,597 patients and found that only 9% had more than one NGS test, often discovering new useful information on the second test.
  • The results suggest that doing these tests more than once could help doctors make better treatment choices for men with advanced prostate cancer.
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  • The study investigates how alterations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene affect the treatment outcomes for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) receiving androgen receptor-targeting agents (ARTA).
  • Researchers analyzed data from the PROMISE database, looking at patients' genomic testing results in relation to their ARTA treatment timing and clinical outcomes.
  • Findings indicate that AR amplifications correlate with a longer time to disease progression, highlighting the need for more in-depth studies to better understand these genomic alterations' impact on treatment responses.
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Epigenetic modulation is well established in hematologic malignancies but to a lesser degree in solid tumors. Here we report the results of a phase Ib/II study of guadecitabine and durvalumab in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC; NCT03308396). Patients received guadecitabine (starting at 60 mg/m subcutaneously on days 1-5 with de-escalation to 45 mg/m2 in case of dose limiting toxicity) with durvalumab (1500 mg intravenously on day 8).

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Background And Objective: [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (Lu-PSMA-617) plus the standard of care (SoC) significantly improved overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival versus SoC alone in patients with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in the VISION trial. We evaluated the safety of additional cycles of Lu-PSMA-617 and the impact of longer observation time for patients receiving Lu-PSMA-617 plus SoC.

Methods: VISION was an international, open-label study.

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Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is an effective curative treatment option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, chemoradiation (CRT) is an evolving bladder preservation protocol alternative to RC. With the increase in life expectancy, it is essential to understand the survival outcomes among octogenarians treated with RC and CRT.

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Importance: Black men have higher incidence and mortality from prostate cancer. Whether precision oncology disparities affect Black men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is unknown.

Objective: To compare precision medicine data and outcomes between Black and White men with mCRPC.

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Background: gene alterations can develop in response to pressure of testosterone suppression and androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTA). Despite this, the relevance of these gene alterations in the context of ARTA treatment and clinical outcomes remains unclear.

Methods: Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who had undergone genomic testing and received ARTA treatment were identified in the Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine Multi-Institutional Collaborative Effort (PROMISE) database.

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As geographical location can impact the gut microbiome, it is important to study region-specific microbiome signatures of various diseases. Therefore, we profiled the gut microbiome of breast cancer (BC) patients of the Midwestern region of the United States. The bacterial component of the gut microbiome was profiled utilizing 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.

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  • The College of American Pathologists (CAP) has established guidelines for testing mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) to guide treatment decisions for patients eligible for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
  • The guidelines were evaluated for their development rigor by methodologists and received additional review from the ASCO Endorsement Panel to ensure clarity and evidence-based recommendations.
  • Recommended testing methods include MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC) and MSI testing for various cancers, with a specific focus on colorectal, gastroesophageal, small bowel, and endometrial cancers; no one method was favored as superior for other cancer types.
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Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Few men elect for surgical castration via bilateral orchiectomy. We sought to compare the relative difference in financial charges between chemical and surgical ADT in men.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These agents have improved clinical outcomes and have become quite an attractive alternative alone or combined with other treatments. Although ICIs are tolerated better, they also lead to unique toxicities, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

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This observer study investigates the effect of computerized artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support system (CDSS-T) on physicians' diagnostic accuracy in assessing bladder cancer treatment response. The performance of 17 observers was evaluated when assessing bladder cancer treatment response without and with CDSS-T using pre- and post-chemotherapy CTU scans in 123 patients having 157 pre- and post-treatment cancer pairs. The impact of cancer case difficulty, observers' clinical experience, institution affiliation, specialty, and the assessment times on the observers' diagnostic performance with and without using CDSS-T were analyzed.

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Background: Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) includes histologically and molecularly distinct subtypes such as papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct, and sarcomatoid RCC, with an incidence ranging from 20% to 25%. Oncologic outcomes and the role of adjuvant systemic therapy [vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (VEGFi) or immunotherapy] for non-ccRCC are not well-described.

Objective: To assess the incidence and survival outcomes of non-ccRCC subtypes in comparison to ccRCC.

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The development of rapid genome sequencing has greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular biology underlying many malignancies. Whole exome sequencing has highlighted the individualistic nature of malignancies on a patient-to-patient basis and begun to revolutionize therapeutic approaches. In recent years, whole genome sequencing of urothelial malignancies has identified a host of somatic mutations which contribute to growth, progression, and metastasis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

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