Dantrolene alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury by modulating the NF-ĸβ/Akt pathway.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a bevy of changes including mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, neurobehavioural impairment, and neuroinflammation, among others. Dantrolene (DNT), a muscle relaxant which inhibits intracellular Ca signaling from the ER, has been repurposed as a potential neuroprotective agent in various neurological diseases. However, there have been limited studies on whether it can mitigate TBI-induced deficits and restore impaired mitochondrial dynamics.

A review of venous thromboembolism in India.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which entails the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) in a vein, has a significant disease burden worldwide. While VTE has traditionally been considered to predominantly affect Caucasian populations, recent studies have indicated a gradual shift in the disease burden towards Asian populations, with added significance of it being a key driver of post-operative mortality. It is imperative to develop a sound understanding of the various factors that affect VTE in stratified local populations.

NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: Its implication in the disease pathophysiology and potential as a therapeutic target.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), an acquired brain injury imparted by a mechanical trauma to the head, has significant ramifications in terms of long-term disability and cost of healthcare. TBI is characterized by an initial phase of cell death owing to direct mechanical injury, followed by a secondary phase in which neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role. Activation of inflammasome complexes triggers a cascade that leads to activation of inflammatory mediators such as caspase-1, Interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-1β, eventually causing pyroptosis.

Modulatory Role of Quercetin in Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Induced Hepatotoxicity.

Titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles are among the largely manmade nanomaterials worldwide and are broadly used as both industrial and user products. The primary target site for several nanoparticles is the liver, including TiO nanoparticles (TNPs), exposed directly or indirectly through ingestion of contaminated water, food, or animals and elevated environmental contamination. Oxidative stress is a known facet of nanoparticle-induced toxicity, including TNPs.

Doping- and Strain-Dependent Electrolyte-Gate-Induced Perovskite to Brownmillerite Transformation in Epitaxial LaSrCoO Films.

Much recent attention has focused on the voltage-driven reversible topotactic transformation between the ferromagnetic metallic perovskite (P) SrCoO and oxygen-vacancy-ordered antiferromagnetic insulating brownmillerite (BM) SrCoO. This is emerging as a paradigmatic example of the power of electrochemical gating (using, , ionic liquids/gels), the wide modulation of electronic, magnetic, and optical properties generating clear application potential. SrCoO films are challenging with respect to stability, however, and there has been little exploration of alternate compositions.

Elevated urinary IL-36α and IL-18 levels are associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Inflammatory cytokines have been reported to be pathogenic factors for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Interleukin (IL)-36α is a newly discovered member of the IL-1 cytokine family that has been implicated in animal models of renal impairment. However, little is known about the role of IL-36α in DN in humans.

COVID-19: An overview of the current pharmacological interventions, vaccines, and clinical trials.

COVID-19, the greatest public health emergency of the 21st century, has affected 215 countries and territories around the world resulting in 15,151,738 confirmed cases and 621,121 deaths. The outbreak has continued at breakneck pace despite stringent public health measures, ravaging the global economy and causing profound human casualties. Vaccination is currently the best bet for the prevention of COVID-19.

Anomalous Self-Assembly and Ion Transport in Nanostructured Organic-Inorganic Solid Electrolytes.

Nanostructured solid electrolytes containing ion-conducting domains and rigid nonconducting domains are obtained by block copolymer self-assembly. Here, we report on the synthesis and characteristics of mixtures of a hybrid diblock copolymer with an organic and inorganic block: poly(ethylene oxide)--poly(acryloisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) (PEO-POSS) and a lithium salt. In the neat state, PEO-POSS exhibits a classical order-to-disorder transition upon heating.