Managing tourism pressure: Exploring tourist traffic patterns and seasonality in mountain national parks to alleviate overtourism effects.

Overtourism results in pressure exerted on the natural environment, negative impacts on local communities and lower tourist satisfaction in many protected areas (PAs). This phenomenon has become an increasingly important issue in the management of national parks (NPs) in Poland, especially the mountain ones. Countering and alleviating the effects of overtourism requires developing appropriate management strategies based on the detailed analysis of tourism monitoring data.

Risk Stratification in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Using CMR Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Accurate risk stratification of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) remains challenging.

Objective: To evaluate the association of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging-derived measurements with clinical outcomes in NIDCM.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection databases were systematically searched for articles from January 2005 to April 2023.

Speech recognition and speech audiometry parameters in evaluation of aural rehabilitation progress in cochlear implant patients. Review paper.

<b>Introduction:</b> Speech audiometry is well established and frequently used test in audiology as well as in cochlear implant recipient's performance evaluation. Expanding indications for cochlear implantation forces use of more refined methods of both assessment and prognosis of outcome of aural rehabilitation. Variability of speech intelligibility tests and materials require standardized protocol facilitating outcome comparison.

Off-label drugs in otolaryngological practice against the background of legal conditions of Polish legislation.

<b><br>Introduction:</b> 'Off-label drug use' refers to the administration of drugs for unapproved indications or age groups, a different dosage or other form of administration. Considering the legal issues, there clearly exists a need to implement rules that would regulate the use of pharmaceuticals outside the scope of a marketing authorisation. The brevity and diversity of Polish laws in the field of health care leads to many interpretative doubts associated with particular legal acts.

Multidimentional assessment of voice quality in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

<b><br>Introduction:</b> Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common disorder in world population. As a result of the regurgitation of acid content from the stomach to laryngopharynx and larynx, secondary damage of laryngeal mucosa occur, which is highly sensitive to hydrochloric acid, and morphological changes are observed. Symptomatology of laryngopharyngeal reflux is varied which makes differential diagnosis difficult.

Algorithms of follow-up in patients with head and neck cancer in relation to primary location and advancement. Consensus of Polish ENT Society Board and Head Neck Experts.

Summary: The algorithm of follow-up in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) has been prepared by a board of Polish Head Neck and Oncology Experts. The aim of this research is to focus on the specificity of HNC monitoring, to review the current trends in follow-up, and to adapt the evidence-based medicine international standards to the capabilities of the local healthcare service.

Materials And Methods: The first methodological step was to categorize HNCs according to the estimated risk of failure after the adequate first-line treatment and according to the possibility of effective salvage treatment, resulting in improved overall survival.

Immunohistochemical Identification and Assessment of the Location of Immunoproteasome Subunits LMP2 and LMP7 in Acquired Cholesteatoma.

Cholesteatoma, accompanied by chronic inflammatory response, is characterized by invasive growth and osteolytic activity. As specific proteasome isoforms, the immunoproteasomes serve as an important modulator of inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to determine the biological activity of cholesteatoma through the analysis of the expression and localization of immunoproteasome subunits of low molecule weight protein (LMP) 2 and LMP7.

Adjuvant radiotherapy in parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma - recommendations.

<b>Introduction:</b> Standard treatment for pleomorhic adenoma (PA) of the parotid gland is complete surgical excision. Radiotherapy (RT) as a primary treatment method is controversial and generally is not applied. However, RT might be considered as an adjuvant therapy in some selected cases.

Long-term outcomes of pharyngoplasty for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Introduction: Pharyngoplasty techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have evolved, which improved the understanding of the anatomy, patient selection, and adoption of functional approaches. Aim: To analyze long-term results of pharyngoplasty in OSAS patients. Material and methods: Between 2007 and 2021, a total of 234 adult patients with OSAS who had previously failed positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy underwent sleep surgery.

Preparation of a stable CCL5·CCR5·G signaling complex for Cryo-EM analysis.

The numerous chemokines and their cognate G protein-coupled chemokine receptors on the surface of leukocytes form a complex signaling network, which regulates the immune response and also other key physiological processes. Currently only a very limited number of structures of chemokine•chemokine receptor complexes have been solved. More structures are needed for the understanding of their mechanism of action and the rational design of drugs against these highly relevant therapeutic targets.

Endoscopic transconjunctival optic nerve sheath fenestration for progressive idiopathic visual field deficit: a case report.

Intra-orbital optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) is an effective option in patients with progressive vision loss due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Most proposed techniques involve surgical trauma and require disinsertion of the medial rectus muscle; thus, less invasive surgical procedures are needed. Here, a feasible and effective technique of endoscopic intra-orbital ONSF through a conjunctival incision is presented, in a patient with a progressively compromised visual field, papilloedema, and distended subarachnoid space around the optic nerves.

Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery in the COVID-19 era: Recommendations for increasing the safety of the method.

Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery (eSBS) has been adopted in recent years, in great part to replace the extended procedures required by external approaches. Though sometimes perceived as "minimally invasive", eSBS still necessitates extensive manipulations within the nose/paranasal sinuses. Furthermore, exposure of susceptible cerebral structures to light and heat emanated by the telescope should be considered to comprehensively evaluate the safety of the method.

Efficient production of a functional G protein-coupled receptor in E. coli for structural studies.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane signal transducers which regulate many key physiological process. Since their discovery, their analysis has been limited by difficulties in obtaining sufficient amounts of the receptors in high-quality, functional form from heterologous expression hosts. Albeit highly attractive because of its simplicity and the ease of isotope labeling for NMR studies, heterologous expression of functional GPCRs in E.

Assessment of Lacrimal Duct Patency in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Medial Maxillectomy.

Purpose: The risk of epiphora after medial maxillectomy with lacrimal duct transection is difficult to assess. The data available in the literature are inconclusive due to various operating techniques used by the authors of medical publications, different additional procedures aimed at improving tear drainage after maxillectomy, and a variety of lacrimal duct patency assessment techniques. The aim of our work was to assess the anatomical and functional patency of lacrimal ducts after medial maxillectomy without performing additional procedures to improve tear drainage as well as comparison of the results obtained with different assessment tests.

Expression of LIGHT/TNFSF14 and Its Receptors, HVEM and LTβR, Correlates with the Severity of Fibrosis in Lacrimal Sacs from Patients with Lacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Introduction: Fibrosis is one of the factors contributing to the development of primary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (LDO). LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibiting inducible expression and competing with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator [HVEM]), a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes, has recently emerged as a new regulator of connective tissue remodeling and fibrotic response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of LIGHT in the pathogenesis of LDO through: (1) assessment of expression of LIGHT and its two receptors, HVEM and LTβR (lymphotoxin β receptor), and (2) investigation of potential relationships between expression of LIGHT and its receptors and clinical and histopathologic features.

Brain tissue oxygenation during transnasal endoscopic skull base procedures.

Purpose: We aimed to study brain tissue oxygenation during the period of controlled reduction of arterial blood pressure - a maneuver often used in extended endoscopic skull base surgery for bloodless operative field.

Methods: Intracranial pressure, arterial blood pressure and the resultant cerebral perfusion pressure were measured during extended endoscopic skull base surgery in 5 patients with diagnosed tumors of the skull base and arterial hypertension. Simultaneously, in those patients, we measured partial pressure of oxygen in the brain parenchyma (PbtO).

Histological evaluation of soft palate tissues in patients with sleep disordered breathing.

Unlabelled: Introduction Sleep is a physiological state essential for proper functioning of the body. One of the reasons for sleep disorders is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Aim: The aim of this research is histological evaluation of the mucous membrane of the soft palate in patients affected by various forms of OSAS.

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) knockdown reduces inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis, and promotes autophagy in oxLDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Atherosclerosis is associated with deregulated cholesterol metabolism and formation of macrophage foam cells. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor, and its inhibition has recently been shown to prevent atherosclerosis development and foam cell formation. However, whether C/EBPβ regulates inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis, in macrophage foam cells and its underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown.

Lipolytic Effects of 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) and a Novel Thyronamine-Like Analog SG-2 through the AMPK Pathway.

3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) and its synthetic analog SG-2 are rapidly emerging as promising drivers of cellular metabolic reprogramming. Our recent research indicates that in obese mice a sub-chronic low dose T1AM treatment increased lipolysis, associated with significant weight loss independent of food consumption. The specific cellular mechanism of T1AM's lipolytic effect and its site of action remains unknown.

Training in intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerves reduces the risk of their injury during thyroid surgery.

Introduction: Even though incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) is low, it affects importantly the quality of life of patients and remains one of main medicolegal litigation problems in surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has become widely accepted tool helping in recurrent laryngeal nerve identification, however no clear association of IONM with RLNP rate has been demonstrated. The aim of our study was to assess whether training in IONM influences rates of RNLP after thyroid surgery as an independent factor.

Carbohydrate consumption and variable-intensity exercise responses in boys and men.

Purpose: The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on physiological and perceptual responses to steady-state exercise has been studied in children. However, little is known about these responses to variable-intensity exercise (VIE) and how these responses might differ from adults. This study examined the physiological and perceptual effects of CHO on VIE in boys and men.

Cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor expression in nasal polyps.

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study was undertaken to better understand the role of CysLTs in the development of CRS through 1). assessment of the pattern of expression of CysLT1 receptor in nasal polyps from patients with CRS and 2).

Metabolic Reprogramming by 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM): A New Perspective to Reverse Obesity through Co-Regulation of Sirtuin 4 and 6 Expression.

Obesity is a complex disease associated with environmental and genetic factors. 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) has revealed great potential as an effective weight loss drug. We used metabolomics and associated transcriptional gene and protein expression analysis to investigate the tissue specific metabolic reprogramming effects of subchronic T1AM treatment at two pharmacological daily doses (10 and 25 mg/kg) on targeted metabolic pathways.