Seeking clinical consensus on risk assessment in anatomical infravesical obstruction of boys - A Delphi study.

Introduction: Infravesical obstruction (IO) is a common urological condition in young boys. Patients may present with various signs and symptoms at different ages, with severity depending to a large extent on the degree of obstruction. Consensus concerning accurate and objective modalities to diagnose IO and to differentiate between an anatomical or functional cause is still lacking.

Intravesical botulinum-A toxin in children with refractory non-neurogenic overactive bladder.

Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) with urinary incontinence poses a potentially significant impact on daily activities and quality of life. OAB can be unresponsive to specific urotherapy and antispasmodic medication. Due to its successful outcomes in the treatment of neurogenic bladder, intravesical botulinum-A toxin (BTX-A) became a possible solution for children refractory to treatment.

Daytime urinary incontinence in children and adolescents.

Daytime urinary incontinence is common in the paediatric population and affects approximately 7-10% of children (aged 5-13 years). Several subtypes of daytime incontinence, which are classified according to their relation to the storage and voiding phases of bladder function, exist. Risk factors for these subtypes of incontinence can be genetic, demographic, environmental, behavioural, or physical.

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-based targeting using bombesin analogues is superior to metabolism-based targeting using choline for in vivo imaging of human prostate cancer xenografts.

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PC) is a major health problem. Overexpression of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in PC, but not in the hyperplastic prostate, provides a promising target for staging and monitoring of PC. Based on the assumption that cancer cells have increased metabolic activity, metabolism-based tracers are also being used for PC imaging.

A standardised study to compare prostate cancer targeting efficacy of five radiolabelled bombesin analogues.

Purpose: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer (PC) has dramatically increased early diagnosis. Current imaging techniques are not optimal to stage early PC adequately. A promising alternative to PC imaging is peptide-based scintigraphy using radiolabelled bombesin (BN) analogues that bind to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) being overexpressed in PC.

Androgen-regulated gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expression in androgen-dependent human prostate tumor xenografts.

Human prostate cancer (PC) overexpresses the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Radiolabeled GRPR-targeting analogs of bombesin (BN) have successfully been introduced as potential tracers for visualization and treatment of GRPR-overexpressing tumors. A previous study showed GRPR-mediated binding of radiolabeled BN analogs in androgen-dependent but not in androgen-independent xenografts representing the more advanced stages of PC.