Management of benign airway stenosis-predictors of tracheal resection.

Background: Benign airway stenoses are complex disorders that present with progressive dyspnoea, stridor, and significant respiratory distress. These conditions have a high recurrence rate and despite the plethora of endoscopic and open techniques available for treatment, the outcomes are variable. Our primary was to determine the pre-operative factors associated with an increased hazard of cricotracheal resection (CTR)/tracheal resection (TR) and reconstruction in cases of benign subglottic and tracheal strictures.

Pleiotropic tumor suppressive functions of PTEN missense mutations during gliomagenesis.

PTEN plays a crucial role in preventing the development of glioblastoma (GBM), a severe and untreatable brain cancer. In GBM, most PTEN deficiencies are missense mutations that have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we leveraged genetically modified mice and isogenic astrocyte cell cultures to investigate the role of clinically relevant mutations (G36E, L42R, C105F, and R173H) in the development of EGFR-driven GBM.

Community breast pain clinics can provide safe, quality care for women presenting with breast pain.

Introduction: Breast pain is not typically a symptom of breast cancer, yet nationally 20% of 2-week wait (2WW) breast referrals are breast pain alone. The East Midlands Breast Pain Pathway improves patient experience and frees capacity in secondary care diagnostic breast clinics, managing women with breast pain only in a community setting. We report the results of implementation of community breast pain clinics (CBPCs) at sites in Derbyshire (catchment population ~1 million), with 12 months follow-up data.

Improving access to first-line treatment for pediatric obesity: Lessons from the dissemination of SmartMoves.

Objective: The increasing prevalence of and inequities in childhood obesity demand improved access to effective treatment. The SmartMoves curriculum used in Bright Bodies, a proven-effective, intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT), was disseminated to ≥30 US sites from 2003 to 2018. We aimed to identify barriers to and facilitators of IHBLT implementation/sustainment.

Impact of a Health Coach-Led, Text-Based Digital Behavior Change Intervention on Weight Loss and Psychological Well-Being in Patients Receiving a Procedureless Intragastric Balloon Program: Prospective Single-Arm Study.

Background: Digital health interventions show promise for weight management. However, few text-based behavior change interventions have been designed to support patients receiving intragastric balloons, and none have simultaneously evaluated weight loss, psychological well-being, and behavior change despite the crucial interplay of these factors in weight management.

Objective: This study aims to assess whether a health coach-led, asynchronous, text-based digital behavior change coaching intervention (DBCCI) delivered to participants receiving an intragastric balloon and its aftercare program was feasible and acceptable to participants and supported improved outcomes, including weight loss, psychological well-being, and lifestyle behavior change conducive to weight loss maintenance.

Developing competency of nursing students in cardiopulmonary resuscitation using Resuscitation Quality Improvement technology.

Objectives: This study examined the outcomes of training nursing students in CPR skills using the Resuscitation Quality Improvement (RQI) program.

Methods: Nursing students (n=2,193) in 12 schools across the United States participated in this study. Students performed compressions and bag-masked ventilation on adult and infant manikins using the RQI simulation station without and then with feedback on their performance.

Lung cancer resection in patients with underlying usual interstitial pneumonia: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Patients with lung cancer with underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on CT represent a very high-risk group in terms of postoperative UIP acute exacerbations (AEs) and in-hospital mortality. We sought to investigate the outcomes in these patients.

Methods: We carried out a meta-analysis, searching four international databases from 1 January 1947 to 27 April 2022, for studies in any language reporting on the acute postoperative outcomes of patients with lung cancer undergoing surgical resection with underlying UIP (the primary outcome).

Limited impacts of biogenetic messaging on neural correlates of cognitive control and beliefs about depression.

During the past 60 years, perceptions about the origins of mental illness have shifted toward a biomedical model, depicting depression as a biological disorder caused by genetic abnormalities and/or chemical imbalances. Despite benevolent intentions to reduce stigma, biogenetic messages promote prognostic pessimism, reduce feelings of agency, and alter treatment preferences, motivations, and expectations. However, no research has examined how these messages influence neural markers of ruminative activity or decision-making, a gap this study sought to fill.

Smart Phone/Ecological Momentary Assessment of Sleep and Daytime Symptoms Among Older Adults With Insomnia.

Objectives: To employ smart phone/ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to evaluate the impact of insomnia on daytime symptoms among older adults.

Design: Prospective cohort study SETTING: Academic medical center PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine older adults with insomnia (M age = 67.5 ± 6.

Novice Accuracy in Ultrasound and Stethoscope Study (NAUSS).

Introduction: The purpose of this noninferiority study was the accurate determination of valvular heart disease, using bedside echocardiogram as compared to stethoscope, by a novice clinician examiner.

Methods: We conducted a single university, single program study to investigate the use of bedside ultrasound in the hands of a novice clinical user, defined as someone with fewer than 2 years of clinical education. We enrolled 8 examinees with evidence of valvular heart disease to be assessed by 13 subjects.

Feasibility study of a randomised controlled trial of preoperative and postoperative nutritional supplementation in major lung surgery.

Objectives: Malnutrition and weight loss are important risk factors for complications after lung surgery. However, it is uncertain whether modifying or optimising perioperative nutritional state with oral supplements results in a reduction in malnutrition, complications or quality of life.

Design: A randomised, open label, controlled feasibility study was conducted to assess the feasibility of carrying out a large multicentre randomised trial of nutritional intervention.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals evolution of immune landscape during glioblastoma progression.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable primary malignant brain cancer hallmarked with a substantial protumorigenic immune component. Knowledge of the GBM immune microenvironment during tumor evolution and standard of care treatments is limited. Using single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we unveiled large-scale comprehensive longitudinal changes in immune cell composition throughout tumor progression in an epidermal growth factor receptor-driven genetic mouse GBM model.

Transforming the 2-week wait (2WW) pathway: management of breast pain in primary care.

Breast pain has no association with breast cancer yet is a frequent reason for referral from Primary to Secondary Care, often on an urgent (2-week wait) referral. The referral often causes significant patient anxiety, further heightened by screening mammograms and/or ultrasound scans in the absence of an associated red flag symptom or finding by the patient or general practitioner. This paper reports the pilot implementation of a specialist Primary Care Breast Pain Clinic in Mid-Nottinghamshire where patients were seen, examined without any imaging and assessed for their risk of familial breast cancer: numerous studies have reported 15%->30% of patients with breast pain only have a family history of breast cancer.

Research priorities to improve the health of children and adults with dysphagia: a National Institute of Health Research and Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists research priority setting partnership.

Objective: To conduct the first UK-wide research priority setting project informing researchers and funders of critical knowledge gaps requiring investigation to improve the health and well-being of patients with eating, drinking and swallowing disorders (dysphagia) and their carers.

Design: A priority setting partnership between the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists using a modified nominal group technique. A steering group and NIHR representatives oversaw four project phases: (1) survey gathering research suggestions, (2) verification and aggregation of suggestions with systematic review research recommendations, (3) multistakeholder workshop to develop research questions, (4) interim priority setting via an online ranking survey and (5) final priority setting.

Vaccine hesitancy in Argentina: Validation of WHO scale for parents.

Background: The WHO SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy developed the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) to identify and compare hesitancy in different global settings. The objectives of the study were to describe and analyze vaccine hesitancy and to validate the VHS in a group of parents in Buenos Aires city, Argentina.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in parents of 1-3 and 12-15 year-old children at three health centres in Buenos Aires City, between June 2018 and May 2019.

The revised Approved Instructional Resources score: An improved quality evaluation tool for online educational resources.

Background: Free Open-Access Medical education (FOAM) use among residents continues to rise. However, it often lacks quality assurance processes and residents receive little guidance on quality assessment. The Academic Life in Emergency Medicine Approved Instructional Resources tool (AAT) was created for FOAM appraisal by and for expert educators and has demonstrated validity in this context.

Rare Complete Hydatidiform Mole With p57 Expression in Villous Mesenchyme: Case Report and Review of Discordant p57 Expression in Hydatidiform Moles.

Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is a premalignant proliferative disease of the placenta characterized by misexpression of imprinted gene products, most notably p57. The majority of CHM exhibit immunohistochemical absence of p57 protein in villous mesenchyme (VM) and cytotrophoblast (CT) and are thus p57 VM/CT concordant. However, some gestations show loss of p57 in only VM or CT, either in all chorionic villi or a subset thereof (VM/CT discordant).

Commitment, Collaboration, and Problem Resolution to Promote and Sustain Access to Multifaceted Applied Behavior-Analytic Services Utilizing Telepractice.

Unlabelled: Access to clinically recommended applied behavior analysis (ABA) services has been significantly impacted for many consumers in light of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Local shelter-in-place orders and safety concerns have resulted in a movement toward telepractice models across educational and medically necessary ABA services, including at the level of the behavior technician. With this novel mode of technician-level intervention, practitioners have faced many learner, caregiver, and setting variables that have served as barriers to accessing telepractice intervention.

Multi-vitamin supplementation blunts the circulating IL-6/IL-10 ratio increase after knee arthroplasty: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.

Circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations can be elevated following the surgically induced trauma of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). An exaggerated increase in IL-6 relative to IL-10 (i.e.

Circulating IL-10 is compromised in patients predisposed to developing and in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis.

The purpose of this investigation was to identify if serum interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations and their ratio (IL-10/TNF-α) are altered in subjects predisposed to developing knee osteoarthritis following ligamentous injury and in those with severe knee osteoarthritis. Serum IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations were measured in four groups of subjects (n = 218): (1) reportedly-healthy and non-injured control subjects (CON; n = 92), (2) subjects scheduled to undergo anterior cruciate ligament surgery (ACL; n = 42), (3) non-surgical subjects with knee osteoarthritis (OA; n = 60), and (4) subjects with knee osteoarthritis scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA; n = 24). X-ray images were used to grade the severity of knee osteoarthritis.

A Morning Bright Light Therapy Intervention to Improve Circadian Health in Adolescent Cancer Survivors: Methods and Preliminary Feasibility.

Circadian rhythm disturbances are common among children with cancer, and are associated with poor health outcomes. Social zeitgeber theory suggests that intervening in the cascade of events that disrupt circadian rhythms may improve health outcomes. Light, most potently sunlight, is a "zeitgeber," or environmental cue instrumental in maintaining entrainment of circadian rhythms.

Use of 55 PET radiotracers under approval of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC).

Background: In the US, EU and elsewhere, basic clinical research studies with positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that are generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) can often be conducted under institutional approval. For example, in the United States, such research is conducted under the oversight of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC) as long as certain requirements are met. Firstly, the research must be for basic science and cannot be intended for immediate therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, or to determine the safety and effectiveness of the PET radiotracer.

Advocacy, Collaboration, and Intervention: A Model of Distance Special Education Support Services Amid COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the everyday lives of many individuals across the globe. The school closures across the majority of the United States have presented administrators, educators, and behavior analysts with the unprecedented task of deciding how best to teach and support our students, especially those accessing special education services. The current article describes the steps our program took, in light of school closures, to advocate for and ultimately create and implement a model that allows special education students to access the behavior-analytic educational supports they had received on campus (e.

Development and Usability Evaluation of a Facebook-Based Intervention Program for Childhood Cancer Patients: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Childhood cancers previously considered to be incurable now have 5-year survival rates up to 84%. Nevertheless, these patients remain at risk of morbidity and mortality from therapy-related complications. Thus, patient education and self-management strategies for promoting a healthy lifestyle are of tantamount importance for improving short- and long-term health outcomes.

Circadian activity rhythms and fatigue of adolescent cancer survivors and healthy controls: a pilot study.

Study Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to compare circadian activity rhythms (CARs) of adolescents within 5 years of completing cancer treatment (survivors) with that of healthy adolescent controls. Secondary objectives were to explore differences in the relationship of CARs and fatigue between survivors and controls and between early survivors (<12 months posttreatment) and late survivors (≥12 months posttreatment).

Methods: Twenty-nine survivors and 30 controls, aged 13-18 years, participated in this prospective, descriptive pilot study.