Evaluation of corneal incision in femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and quality of healing of main corneal incisions in femtosecond laser procedures in cataract surgery.

Methods: It was a prospective, non-randomized, investigator-masked study. A total of 37 eyes of 37 patients with indication for cataract surgery were separated into two groups in this prospective, nonrandomized study: Femto group, with incisions automated by femtosecond laser (18 eyes), and Phaco group, with incisions made using a keratome (19 eyes).

Perceptions of primary health care professionals from Brazil about the food and nutrition monitoring system.

The main factors related to the lack of coverage in Health Information Systems are concentrated in the scarce and incipient training of health professionals regarding the collection and typing of data, as well as the importance of using information. The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions of primary health care professionals from Brazil about the functioning of the Food and Nutritional Monitoring System (SISVAN). Multicentric qualitative study, carried out with 38 health professionals in Basic Health Units (BHU) in five regions around the country.

Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) coverage, nutritional status of older adults and its relationship with social inequalities in Brazil, 2008-2019: an ecological time-series study.

Objective: to analyze the temporal trend of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN) coverage and the nutritional status of older adults, and its correlation with indicators of social inequality in Brazil between 2008-2019.

Methods: this was an ecological study using records from SISVAN, related to the population aged 60 years and older; the temporal trend of coverage and the correlation between indicators of social inequality and increment rate of nutritional status were analyzed; slope index of inequality and concentration index were used to measure absolute and relative inequalities.

Results: 11,587,933 records were identified; national coverage increased from 0.

Parental Monitoring of Computer Use and its Association with Drug Use among Students in Southern Brazil.

Background: Parental control is considered important in preventing drug use among adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between the perception of parental monitoring of computer use and drug use among adolescent students.

Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted in 2012 among 2,980 students aged 12-17 years from Southern Brazil.

Ultrasound power and irrigation volume in different lens opacity grades: comparison of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification.

Objectives: To compare the amount of ultrasound energy and irrigation volume in conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery versus femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification at different nuclear-cortical cataract grades.

Method: This was a prospective, consecutive, investigator-masked nonrandomized parallel cohort study. Patients were divided into 4 groups (Phaco1, Phaco2, Femto1 and Femto2) according to the surgical technique (conventional phacoemulsification [Group Phaco] or femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery [Group Femto]) and the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS) grade (LOCS<11 [group 1] or LOCS≥11 [group 2]).

Prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug use throughout life: National School Health Survey 2015.

Introduction: The use of illicit drugs is a public health concern. This paper describes the prevalence and factors associated with the use of illicit drugs throughout life among 9th grade students attending public and private schools in daylight period in Brazil.

Method: Data from the Brazilian Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed.

Access to information in school and the use of psychoactive substances in Brazilian students - A multilevel study.

Introduction: Use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs can be considered a global health problem, which typically begins in adolescence. Unsupervised access to information may arouse the adolescent's interest and predispose the use of drugs.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study using data from National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE, 2012), with sample of 109,104 Brazilian students in 42.

School health promotion and use of drugs among students in Southern Brazil.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the health promotion conditions in schools and the consumption of alcohol and other drugs by students.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 3,464 students aged 12 to 17 from all schools of the cities of Lajeado and Sapiranga, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and 53 managers from the same schools; the data was collected in 2012. Reports of the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs in 2012 were used as outcomes, and the health promotion score in the school environment was used as the exposure of interest.

[Bullying and psychoactive substance use during adolescence: a systematic review].

Bullying and psychoactive substance abuse are prevalent phenomena among adolescents and identified as health problems that may jeopardise the development of all those involved. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the extent to which involvement in bullying and psychoactive substance use during adolescence are associated, as well as check for differences regarding the social roles of bullying. From the search for empirical articles published between January 2009 and December 2014 in seven electronic databases, 585 records were identified.

Health promotion in school environment in Brazil.

Objective: Evaluate the school environments to which ninth-year students are exposed in Brazil and in the five regions of the country according to health promotion guidelines.

Methods: Cross-sectional study from 2012, with a representative sample of Brazil and its macroregions. We interviewed ninth-year schoolchildren and managers of public and private schools.

Active aging is associated with low prevalence of depressive symptoms among Brazilian older adults.

Introduction: Active aging is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security, aiming to improve quality of life as people age. A series of studies had demonstrated that a lower prevalence of depression is found among more active elderly.

Objective: To evaluate the association between indicators of active aging and depressive symptoms among the elderly (aged 60 years or more).

Hospitalization due to drug use did not change after a decade of the Psychiatric Reform.

Objective: To investigate whether the psychiatric hospitalization rates due to use of psychoactive substances and average time of hospitalization suffered any changes after the first decade of effective implementation of the psychiatric reform in Brazil.

Methods: This article examines the evolution of hospitalizations due to disorders arising from the use of alcohol or other substances in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from 2000 to 2012. This is an ecological, time-series study, which uses data from admissions obtained by the Informatics Service of the Brazilian Unified Health System.

Validation of an instrument to evaluate health promotion at schools.

Objective: To validate an instrument designed to assess health promotion in the school environment.

Methods: A questionnaire, based on guidelines from the World Health Organization and in line with the Brazilian school health context, was developed to validate the research instrument. There were 60 items in the instrument that included 40 questions for the school manager and 20 items with direct observations made by the interviewer.

Psychiatric hospitalizations in the Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) from 2000 to 2011.

Objective: To examine the variation in the rates of psychiatric hospitalization and the mean hospital stay time in the public health system in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the south of Brazil, from 2000 to 2011.

Methods: This was an ecological study. Data were collected from DATASUS.

Lifetime use of illicit drugs and associated factors among Brazilian schoolchildren, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012).

Objective: This study aimed at describing the prevalence of illicit drug use among 9th grade students in the morning period of public and private schools in Brazil, and assessing associated factors.

Method: The Brazilian survey PeNSE (National Adolescent School-based Health Survey) 2012 evaluated a representative sample of 9th grade students in the morning period, in Brazil and its five regions. The use of illicit drugs at least once in life was assessed for the most commonly used drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, solvent-based glue, general ether-based inhalants, ecstasy and oxy.

[Perception of health professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS I) regarding the demands related to the use of crack].

This paper presents qualitative research analyzing two focus groups with twenty workers in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS I) in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, in 2009. They were invited to discuss overwork and dissatisfaction with work in general and also recent demands of crack cocaine users on the local mental health networks. Workers in both groups reported a strong concern about the instability of employment contracts, leading to limited ability to plan their futures.

[Crack cocaine users who attend outpatient services].

This paper describes the profile of 95 crack cocaine users attending three community mental health services (CAPS) in Greater Metropolitan Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, from August 2009 to March 2010. The instruments employed were questionnaires developed by the team, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and inventories of criteria for dependence and abuse (SAMHSA). The data depict a group of users consisting predominantly of young males with elementary schooling, without regular employment but reporting individual income, none of whom living on the streets.

Violent behavior in adolescents and parent-child cohabitation.

Objective: To analyze the association between violent behavior in adolescents and parent-child cohabitation.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study with multiple-stage sampling was performed in the urban area of the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2002. A total of 960 adolescents were interviewed using a self-applied questionnaire.

[Tobacco, alcohol, and drug use by teenagers in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: a gender approach].

This study assesses the relationship between gender and use of psychoactive substances (alcohol, nicotine, and illicit drugs) by teenagers. In 2002, a cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Multi-stage sampling was used to obtain a sample of adolescents, 15 to 18 years of age.