Evaluation of lumbar lordosis in symptomatic individuals and comparative analysis of six different techniques: a retrospective radiologic study.

Purpose: The aim of this study; evaluate lumbar lordosis (LL) in symptomatic individuals with six different techniques and to examine the techniques comparatively. Thus, to provide an overview of lumbal lordosis and techniques.

Methods: Cobb L1-L5, Cobb L1-S1, Posterior Tangent, tangential radiologic assessment of lumbar lordosis (TRALL), vertebral centroid measurement of lumbar lordosis (CLL) and Risser Ferguson measurement techniques were used to assess LL from radiographs of 175 symptomatic adults.

Morphometric analysis of the infratemporal fossa using three-dimensional (3D) digital models.

Purpose: The infratemporal fossa contains important neurovascular components and is directly related to other anatomical regions and structures. The morphometric distances between the bones forming its borders have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometry of the infratemporal fossa.

Three-dimensional analysis of the proximal humeral and glenoid geometry using MicroScribe 3D digitizer.

Purpose: To understand the geometry of the proximal humerus and glenoid fossa to facilitate the design of components used in shoulder arthroplasty. The aim is to evaluate the geometry of the proximal humerus and glenoid fossa and their relationship using a MicroScribe 3D digitizer.

Methods: Scans and measurements were obtained from 20 pairs of dry proximal humeri and scapulae [10 female and 10 male cadavers: median age 81 years (range 70-94 years)] using a MicroScribe 3D digitizer and Rhinoceros software.

How well do contoured superior midshaft clavicle plates fit the clavicle? A cadaveric study.

Background: Given the degree of variation in clavicular morphology, 4 clavicle plating systems were examined for their congruity as superior, midshaft, anatomic clavicle (SMAC) plates in a cadaveric study.

Methods: SMAC plates from 4 manufacturers were applied to 79 dry right human clavicles. Two systems offered multiple (4) variations of plates (MP), 1 offered two variations (TP), and 1 had a single plate (SP).

Evaluation of the coracoid and coracoacromial arch geometry on Thiel-embalmed cadavers using the three-dimensional MicroScribe digitizer.

Background: Understanding the geometry of the coracoid and coracoacromial arch will improve surgical intervention in shoulder surgery.

Methods: Thirty pairs of scapulae from 20 female and 10 male deceased donors, average age of 82 years (range, 62-101 years), were scanned and measurements taken using the 3-dimensional (3D) MicroScribe digitizer (Immersion Corp, San Jose CA, USA) and Rhino software (McNeel North America, Seattle, WA, USA).

Results: The following mean angles were determined: coracoid slope, 44° ± 11°; coracoid deviation, 35° ± 6°; coracoid root to glenoid, 115° ± 14°; coracoid head to glenoid, 110° ± 11°; scapular spine angle, 35° ± 6°; and coracoacromial angle, 63° ± 9°.

Thiel embalming method for cadaver preservation: a review of new training model for urologic skills training.

The use of endourology training models is on the rise. Surgical practice is moving toward a more minimally invasive approach and deficits in surgical exposure by enforcement of the European Working Time Directive call for simulation models to be anatomically sound. Thiel-embalmed cadavers have been found to demonstrate efficacy in tissue quality, elasticity, and handling in addition to playing a role in teaching and training.

A pilot study comparing the use of Thiel- and formalin-embalmed cadavers in the teaching of human anatomy.

Formalin had traditionally been used to preserve human material to teach gross anatomy. In 2008 the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification (CAHID) at the University of Dundee embarked on the use of the Thiel method of embalming. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the difference between formalin-embalmed cadavers (FEC) and Thiel-embalmed cadavers (TEC) used for teaching and surgical training.

Growth of the human ilium: the anomalous sacroiliac junction.

Despite the major anatomical importance of the human ilium in medicine and forensic investigations, little is understood about its pattern of growth. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the surface area of the human ilium from birth through to adolescence in 80 human ilia. A photographic image of the pelvic surface of each bone was taken and examined using an image quantification package.

A qualitative assessment of human cadavers embalmed by Thiel's method used in laparoscopic training for renal resection.

Human cadaveric tissue is the fundamental substrate for basic anatomic and surgical skills training. A qualitative assessment of the use of human cadavers preserved by Thiel's method for a British Association of Urological Surgeons-approved, advanced laparoscopic renal resection skills training course is described in the present study. Four trainees and four experienced laparoscopic surgeons participated in the course.

The posterior longitudinal ligament and peridural (epidural) membrane.

The posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) is described as having deep and superficial layers, though recent studies have suggested that there may be three layers. Additional membranous structures have been reported, although there is no consensus as to their presence or morphology. The vertebral canal and dural sac were opened and the spinal nerve roots and spinal cord removed.

The anterior visceral branches of the abdominal aorta and their relationship to the renal arteries.

Variations in the anatomy of the abdominal aorta and its branches are of interest as vessel geometry not only determines flow dynamics, but is also crucial in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. The relationship between the anterior visceral and renal arteries is important when undertaking diagnostic arteriography and endovascular interventions. To examine these relationships, the length of the abdominal aorta was determined and measurements taken of the position of origin of the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and renal arteries, as well as the three-dimensional projection of each vessel from the aorta.

Effects of cagA+ and cagA- strains of Helicobacter pylori on the human gastric mucus layer thickness.

Background: Infection with cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) Helicobacter pylori is associated with severe gastric diseases, with contradictory views being expressed concerning the effect of H. pylori on the gastric mucus thickness. The aim of the present study was to differentiate between the effect of cagA+ and cagA- strains on gastric mucus thickness.

Effect of patellar tendon shortening on tracking of the patella.

Background: Although 10% postoperative patellar tendon shortening after bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has been reported, there are no published studies assessing the effect of shortening on patellofemoral joint biomechanics under physiological loading conditions.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of patellar tendon shortening on patellofemoral joint biomechanics.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Helicobacter pylori. Basics and clinical overview.

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has greatly changed the approach to the management of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. A sound knowledge of the basics of H.

Selectively attenuating soft tissues close to sites of inflammation in the peritalar region of patients with rheumatoid arthritis leads to development of pes planovalgus.

Objective: To compare the 3-dimensional (3D) orientation of the tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, and intertarsal joints in cadaveric specimens following structural weakening to predetermined ligaments in the peritalar region and medial ankle tendons under axial loads and simulated calcaneal valgus deformity.

Methods: Eight fresh-frozen, unembalmed human lower leg and foot specimens were placed in a materials testing machine. The mid-stance period of gait was simulated and the 3D orientation of the tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, and intertarsal joints was measured using an electromagnetic motion analysis system.

Human gastric mucosal hydrophobicity does not decrease with Helicobacter pylori infection or chronological age.

Background And Aims: Infection with cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) Helicobacter pylori is associated with severe gastric diseases. Previous studies in humans have reported a decreased gastric hydrophobicity with H pylori infection. The aim of the present study was to differentiate between the effect of cagA+ and cagA- strains on gastric mucus hydrophobicity.

The association between cagA+ H. pylori infection and distal gastric cancer: a proposed model.

Cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA)+ infection is associated with an increased risk of distal gastric cancer. The aim was to determine the effect of Helicobacter pylori (HP) on gastric mucus thickness, hydrophobicity, and PGE2 and their relation to colonization density. Ninety-nine patients were recruited (69 HP- and 30 HP+: 10 cagA+, 18 cagA-, 2 undetermined) and six biopsies were obtained from each patient.

cagA+ Helicobacter pylori induces greater levels of prostaglandin E2 than cagA- strains.

cagA+ Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is associated with an increased risk of distal gastric cancer. Previous studies investigating the effect of HP infection on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels have not differentiated between cagA+ and cagA- strains and consequently have produced contradictory results. The aim was to investigate the effect of cagA+ strains on PGE2 and enhance the understanding of the mechanisms leading to gastric diseases.

Contact patterns at the tarsal joints.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the contact patterns at the tarsal joints under two levels of loading (150 and 600 N) with the foot in the neutral position, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion. DESIGN: In vitro measurements quantifying the size, location and patterns of contact. BACKGROUND: Several methods have been employed to study contact areas and patterns in joints such as the hip and knee; in contrast there is limited data on the joints of the foot.