Learning: Contemplating the unexamined core of Learning Health Systems.

Introduction: The current Learning Health Systems literature affords insufficient attention to the process of learning. In response, Billings Clinic focused on how to advance its learning capabilities and subsequently to contribute new insights into the process of learning to the LHS literature.

Methods: An environmental scan was conducted, including the grey literature (eg, technical reports and white papers) and peer-reviewed research publications.

Making sense: duty hours, work flow, and waste in graduate medical education.

Parsimony, and not industry, is the immediate cause of the increase of capital. Industry, indeed, provides the subject which parsimony accumulates. But whatever industry might acquire, if parsimony did not save and store up, the capital would never be the greater.