Development and characterization of a capillary gap sampler as new microfluidic device for fast and direct analysis of low sample amounts by ESI-MS.

Direct hyphenation of miniaturized sampling devices to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is attractive because ESI-MS is compatible with microfluidics and allows comprehensive sample analysis, yielding information that is orthogonal to that available from optical methods. We present a "capillary gap sampler" as a platform for directly connecting microfluidics to μ-ESI-MS. The sampler was designed to be robust, light and compact, and to allow precise and fast liquid handling.

Different response to eccentric and concentric training in older men and women.

Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength and has been associated with an increased risk of falling and the development of metabolic diseases. Various training protocols, nutritional and hormonal interventions have been proposed to prevent sarcopenia. This study explores the potential of continuous eccentric exercise to retard age-related loss of muscle mass and function.

Biologically relevant sex differences for fitness-related parameters in active octogenarians.

The number of elderly people is growing in western populations, but only few maximal performance data exist for people >75 years, in particular for European octogenarians. This study was performed to characterize maximal performance of 55 independently living subjects (32 women, 81.1 +/- 3.

Exercise capacity in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus in eu- and hyperglycaemia.

Background: Circumstantial evidence suggests that an increase in plasma glucose availability improves exercise capacity in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess exercise capacity in eu- and hyperglycaemic conditions in subjects with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Eight moderately exercise-trained male subjects with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion were studied.

Eccentric exercise in coronary patients: central hemodynamic and metabolic responses.

Purpose: With lengthening (eccentric) muscle contractions, the magnitude of locomotor-muscle mass and strength increase has been demonstrated to be greater compared with shortening (concentric) muscle contractions. In healthy subjects, energy demand and heart rate responses with eccentric exercise are small relative to the amount of muscle force produced. Thus, eccentric exercise may be an attractive alternative to resistance exercise for patients with limited cardiovascular exercise tolerance.