A Multifaceted Educational Intervention in the Doctor-Patient Relationship for Medical Students to Incorporate Patient Agendas in Simulated Encounters.

From the beginning of their clinical training, medical students demonstrate difficulties when incorporating patient perspectives. This study aimed to assess if students, after an instructional programme, increased their sensitivity towards patients' needs and carried out bidirectional conversations. An observational study involving 109 medical students prior to their clerkships was designed.

Competence in Spiritual and Emotional Care: Learning Outcomes for the Evaluation of Nursing Students.

Spiritual and emotional care is an important part of the person, especially in situations such as changes in health or a community coping with a pandemic. However, nurses report scarce university training in this area of care. The aim of the study is to define a catalogue of learning outcomes for spiritual and emotional care for undergraduate nurses.

Ibero-American Consensus on Communication Skills for Nursing Degree students.

Objective: as a health care profession focused on caring for people, Nursing requires sound communication skills. Based on an international expert consensus, a proposal on learning outcomes in clinical communication for undergraduate Nursing education curricula in Spanish speaking countries is presented.

Method: a steering committee, consisting of 5 nurses and experts in communication in health care sciences, drew up the first list of communication skills specific to the Nursing degree.

The "Medical friendship" or the true meaning of the doctor-patient relationship from two complementary perspectives: Goya and Laín.

This essay aims to broaden the understanding of the nature of the physician-patient relationship. To do so, the concept of medical philia that Pedro Laín Entralgo proposes is analysed and is considered taking into consideration the relational trait of the human being and the structure of human action as a story of the permanent tension that exists between freedom and truth, where the ontological foundation of the hermeneutic of the "Gift" and the analogy of "Love" as the central dynamic of this action, helps explain the nature of the doctor-patient relationship as a "friendship relationship". This understanding offers a perspective differing from just the utilitarian considerations of current "patient-centred" approaches and proposed the redirection of the teaching of medicine to more humanistic approaches.

Medical resilience and morality: a survey study on the opinions and actions of exemplary family physicians.

Background: Studies conducted to understand how family doctors develop resilience and deal with the challenges posed by work-related stress, usually have focused on identifying the elements that generate resilience from psychological perspectives and their impact on coping strategies. Few have explored the role that personal qualities and values that traditionally motivate family physicians can play as drivers of well-being and resilience.

Objectives: To explore attributes that exemplary family physicians (EFP) consider important for their work and the elements that, for them, are source of gratification and resources in the face of the adversities they encounter in their practice.

Medical students' attitudes towards communication skills training: a longitudinal study with one cohort.

To explore medical students' attitudes towards communication skills and the evolution of these attitudes from their first to fourth academic years. A cohort of 91 medical students completed the Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS) at the beginning of their medical studies and at the end of their fourth year after having engaged in a training program in communication skills with experiential characteristics (individual encounters with simulated patients, observations in small groups, feedback, and practice). We analyzed students' positive and negative global attitudes and their affective, cognitive, and respect dimensions towards learning communication skills.

Multi-source evaluation of an educational program aimed at medical students for interviewing/taking the clinical history using standardized patients.

Simulations with standardized patients (SP) have long been used for teaching/assessing communication skills. The present study describes and evaluates an experiential training methodology aimed at medical students and based on interviews with standardized simulated patients. The training was focused on developing basic communication skills and taking medical histories.

Training health providers to address unhealthy alcohol use in primary care: a cross-sectional, multicenter study.

Background: Health professionals' training is a key element to address unhealthy alcohol use in Primary Care (PC). Education about alcohol use can be effective in improving PC provider's knowledge and skills addressing alcohol-related problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the training of health professionals to address unhealthy alcohol use in PC.

Effectiveness of a communication skills training program for medical students to identify patients communicative clues.

Objective: This study explores whether an Experiential Training Programme (ETP) in communication skills (CS) improves students' ability to identify patients clues compared to those who follow a non-experiential training throughout their medical studies.

Method: Intervention Group (IG): 85 4th-year medical students who received the ETP and Control Group (CG): 67 recently graduated students who did not receive it. Their immediate (written) response was requested to three expressions offered by patients containing communicative clues.

Awareness of the European Code Against Cancer of Family Medicine Residents and Nursing and Medicine Students in Spain.

Unlabelled: Health professionals and students in training are key for early diagnosis of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness of Family Medicine (FM) residents and Medicine and Nursing undergraduate students in Spain regarding the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and multicenter study.

Barriers to teaching communication skills in Spanish medical schools: a qualitative study with academic leaders.

Background: In recent years, Spanish medical schools (MSs) have incorporated training in communication skills (CS), but how this training is being carried out has not yet been evaluated.

Objective: To identify the barriers to the introduction and development of CS teaching in Spanish MSs.

Methods: In a previous study, 34 MSs (83% of all MSs in Spain) were invited to participate in a study that explored the factual aspects of teaching CS in these schools.

Health-Related Lifestyles and Cancer-Preventive Behaviors of Medical and Nursing Students and Family Medicine Residents in Relation to the European Code Against Cancer.

Family medicine (FM) residents and medical and nursing students play an important role in the development of preventive and health-promoting activities. The objective was to evaluate the health-related lifestyles and cancer-preventive behaviors of medical and nursing students and FM residents in relation to the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study performed in Spain.

Impact of a primary care training program on the prevention and management of unhealthy alcohol use: A quasi-experimental study.

Objective: To assess the impact of a training program targeted to Primary Care (PC) professionalson the acquisition of communication skills, attitudes, and knowledge about the prevention and management of unhealthy alcohol use.

Methods: A quasi-experimental, pre- and post-intervention study was performed in PC centers of Cordoba (Spain). Family doctors, residents and nurses participated in the study.

Medical students' perceptions towards learning communication skills: a qualitative study following the 2-year training programme.

Objectives: This study aimed to gain an understanding of the perceptions of 4th-year medical students about a training course in communication skills with 'experiential learning' characteristics, completed over the past two years.

Methods: Twenty 4th-year medical students were invited to participate in a qualitative study with focus groups. These students were selected randomly, stratifying by gender, from all 4th-year medical students (106) at the Francisco de Vitoria University (Madrid).

Medical students' attitudes toward communication skills learning: comparison between two groups with and without training.

Objective: The value students give to communication skills (CS), acquiring them, or other related matters can influence the effectiveness of educational programs. In this study, we explored first and fourth year medical students' attitudes toward CS and their learning, assessing the possible influence they have on programmed experiential training in a medical school.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred and twenty first and fourth year medical students completed the Communication Skills Attitudes Scale, analyzing the positive and negative, and affective and cognitive attitude subscales toward learning.

[Promoting Health Promotion: Medical students perceptions about an educational program on behavioral change in primary care].

Objective: To evaluate whether a training program offered by family physicians in the official medical curriculum on principles and strategies to help patients change risk behaviours (HPCRB), produces changes in perceptions, opinions, and attitudes regarding this type of intervention.

Design: Quasi-experimental before-after study.

Setting: A School of Medicine.

Impact of Positive Pressure Treatment of the Airway on Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic illness that increases in prevalence with age. Treatment includes continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices. Studies about the use of CPAP in the elderly are scarce.

Prevalence of tobacco consumption among young physicians at a regional university hospital in southern Spain: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The aim of the study is to analyse the prevalence of smoking among resident physicians at a regional university hospital. In addition, we examined the trends in the smoking behaviour of physicians in relation to results obtained in other studies carried out previously at this hospital, as well as those published nationally and internationally METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study evaluating tobacco consumption in young physicians was carried out at the level of secondary healthcare in a regional university hospital in Cordoba, Spain. All the study subjects were resident physicians who underwent a mandatory preliminary occupational health examination between 2012 and 2016.

Teaching medical students to express empathy by exploring patient emotions and experiences in standardized medical encounters.

Objectives: To increase medical students' ability to detect contextual and emotional cues and to respond empathetically to patients.

Methods: a training course in communication skills and patient-centered care with different teaching activities (didactic, reflective and interactive: workshops and encounters with simulated patients) was delivered to third-year medical students just before their clerkships. The program was evaluated by an external observer (OE) and simulated patients (SP) in 2 or 3 videotaped encounters.

Opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation versus detecting symptomatic patients aged 65 years and older: A cluster-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of opportunistic screening through pulse palpation in the early detection of atrial fibrillation in subjects aged≥65 years versus detection through an active search for patients with symptoms and/or complications and sequelae associated.

Material And Methods: This was a cluster randomized controlled trial performed in 48 primary care centers of the Spanish National Healthcare System. A total of 368 physicians and nurses were randomized.

A Latin American, Portuguese and Spanish consensus on a core communication curriculum for undergraduate medical education.

Background: To present learning outcomes in clinical communication for a Core Curriculum for medical undergraduate students in Latin America, Portugal and Spain (LAPS-CCC) and to establish an expert network to support a transnational implementation.

Methods: Through an iterative process, an international group of 15 experts developed an initial set of learning outcomes following a review and discussion of relevant international and local literature. A two-round Delphi survey involving 46 experts from 8 countries was performed.

Effectiveness of motivational interviewing to improve therapeutic adherence in patients over 65 years old with chronic diseases: A cluster randomized clinical trial in primary care.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) in improving medication adherence in older patients being treated by polypharmacy.

Methods: Cluster randomized clinical trial in 16 primary care centers with 27 health care providers and 154 patients. Thirty-two health care providers were assigned to an experimental (EG) or control group (CG).

Opinions and beliefs held by Spanish teenagers regarding tobacco and alcohol consumption: a descriptive study.

Background: Preventive strategies are the most effective approach for dealing with issues of substance abuse, particularly in teenagers. Such strategies adapt well to this target population. Our objective was to reveal the opinions and beliefs held by teenagers about tobacco and alcohol as types of drugs, and their effects on health.