Alagille Syndrome and Repeat Oxygenator Failure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Word of Caution.

Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that is caused by heterozygous mutation of JAG1 or NOTCH2 gene that impacts several multisystem organs including but may not be limited to the liver, heart, musculoskeletal, skin, and the eyes. The most common congenital heart defect associated with Alagille syndrome is multilevel right ventricular outflow tract obstruction with multiple central and peripheral branch pulmonary arterial stenoses occurring in up to two-thirds of these patients. We report two cases of Alagille syndrome who underwent extensive pulmonary arterial branch rehabilitation and experienced unusual oxygenator failure during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Morphology and composition of spray-flame-made yttria-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles.

Homogeneous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with 8-31 nm average crystallite and particle diameter containing 3-10 mol% yttria are made by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) of various yttrium and zirconium precursors at production rates up to 350 g h(-1). Product particles are characterized by N(2) adsorption (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of liquid precursor composition on product particle morphology, composition and crystallinity is investigated.

Probing the dynamics of nanoparticle growth in a flame using synchrotron radiation.

Flame synthesis is one of the most versatile and promising technologies for large-scale production of nanoscale materials. Pyrolysis has recently been shown to be a useful route for the production of single-walled nanotubes, quantum dots and a wide variety of nanostructured ceramic oxides for catalysis and electrochemical applications. An understanding of the mechanisms of nanostructural growth in flames has been hampered by a lack of direct observations of particle growth, owing to high temperatures (2,000 K), rapid kinetics (submillisecond scale), dilute growth conditions (10(-6) volume fraction) and optical emission of synthetic flames.