Nonoperative management of adult flatfoot deformities.

Managing those with adult flatfoot deformities can be quite challenging, and the methods and devices used are wide-ranging based on the experience of the managing physician and the experience of the provider of the orthotic devices. A thorough biomechanical assessment is paramount to provide the most successful treatment due to the wide range of pathologic abnormalities and pathomechanics that lead to this painful disorder. Taking away pain while improving function for any patient is a rewarding aspect of clinical foot care, and the information covered in this article should arm the practitioner, or surgeon, with viable alternatives to surgical management.

Functional bracing of the adult acquired flatfoot.

This article reviews the current orthotic and pedorthic management of adult acquired flatfoot and associated secondary pathology. Appropriate footwear, footwear modifications, custom foot orthoses, and ankle foot orthoses are highlighted for the treatment of this often seen foot disorder. As this pathology progresses through its various stages, the discussion provides conservative and postoperative alternatives for treatment of even the most affected feet.

Syme's amputation. Surgical technique, prosthetic considerations, and case reports.

Amputation at the level of the ankle joint is a valuable but underused procedure for a variety of conditions affecting the foot and ankle. The procedure provides a comfortable and durable stump that allows the lower-extremity amputee to function with minimal disability. This article reviews the indications for Syme's amputation, provides a detailed surgical description of the procedure, and discusses postoperative prosthetic considerations.