Child mortality in relation to HIV infection, nutritional status, and socio-economic background.

Background: The aims of this study were to examine the impact of child HIV infection on mortality and to identify nutritional and sociodemographic factors that increase the risk of child mortality independent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, among 687 children 6-60 months of age who were admitted to hospital with pneumonia. After discharge, children were followed up every 2 weeks during the first year and every 4 months thereafter.

Malaria parasitaemia in relation to HIV status and vitamin A supplementation among pre-school children.

Objectives: To ascertain whether malaria parasitaemia in children is associated with HIV status. To examine the effect of vitamin A supplementation on malaria parasitaemia in children.

Methods: We studied the cross-sectional associations between HIV status and malaria parasitaemia among 546 children 6-60 months of age who participated in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of vitamin A supplementation.