Quantitative one-dimensional imaging using picosecond dual-broadband pure-rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.

We employ picosecond dual-broadband pure-rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) in a one-dimensional (1D) imaging configuration. Temperature and O(2):N(2) concentration ratios are measured along a 1D line of up to 12 mm in length. The images consist of up to 330 individual rotational CARS (RCARS) spectra, corresponding to 330 spatially resolved volume elements in the probe volume.

Measuring fundamental properties in operating solid oxide electrochemical cells by using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Photoelectron spectroscopic measurements have the potential to provide detailed mechanistic insight by resolving chemical states, electrochemically active regions and local potentials or potential losses in operating solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs), such as fuel cells. However, high-vacuum requirements have limited X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of electrochemical cells to ex situ investigations. Using a combination of ambient-pressure XPS and CeO(2-x)/YSZ/Pt single-chamber cells, we carry out in situ spectroscopy to probe oxidation states of all exposed surfaces in operational SOCs at 750 °C in 1 mbar reactant gases H(2) and H(2)O.

Note: Fixture for characterizing electrochemical devices in-operando in traditional vacuum systems.

We describe a fixture that allows electrochemical devices to be studied under electrical bias in the type of vacuum systems commonly used in surface science. Three spring-loaded probes provide independent contacts for device operation and the characterization in vacuum or under in situ conditions with reactive gases. We document the robustness of the electrical contacts over large temperature changes and their reliability for conventional electrochemical measurements such as impedance spectroscopy.

Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell.

We use photo-electrons as a non-contact probe to measure local electrical potentials in a solid-oxide electrochemical cell. We characterize the cell in operando at near-ambient pressure using spatially-resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The overpotentials at the interfaces between the Ni and Pt electrodes and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte are directly measured.

Four-wave mixing in nanosecond pulsed fiber amplifiers.

We present an experimental and theoretical analysis of four-wave mixing in nanosecond pulsed amplifiers based on double-clad ytterbium-doped fibers. This process leads to saturation of the amplified pulse energy at 1064 nm and to distortion of the spectral and temporal profiles. These behaviours are well described by a simple model considering both Raman and four-wave-mixing contributions.

High-Power fiber amplifier with widely tunable repetition rate, fixed pulse duration, and multiple output wavelengths.

We report a pulsed, fiber-amplified microchip laser providing widely tunable repetition rate (7.1 - 27 kHz) with constant pulse duration (1.0 ns), pulse energy up to 0.

Peak-power limits on fiber amplifiers imposed by self-focusing.

We have numerically investigated the behavior of the fundamental mode of a step-index, multimode (MM) fiber as the optical power approaches the self-focusing limit (P(crit)). The analysis includes the effects of gain and bending (applicable to coiled fiber amplifiers). We find power-dependent, stationary solutions that propagate essentially without change at beam powers approaching P(crit) in straight and bent fibers.