Effectiveness and safety of continuous low-molecular-weight heparin versus switching to direct oral anticoagulants in cancer-associated venous thrombosis.

Given the existing uncertainty regarding the effectiveness and safety of switching from low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with cancer-associated venous thrombosis (CAT), we conducted a comprehensive population-based cohort study utilizing electronic health database in Hong Kong. A total of 4356 patients with CAT between 2010 and 2022 were included, with 1700 (39.0%) patients switching to DOAC treatment.

Using the genomic adjusted radiation dose (GARD) to personalize the radiation dose in nasopharyngeal cancer.

Background: Locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients undergoing radiotherapy are at risk of treatment failure, particularly locoregional recurrence. To optimize the individual radiation dose, we hypothesize that the genomic adjusted radiation dose (GARD) can be used to correlate with locoregional control.

Methods: A total of 92 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer / International Union Against Cancer stage III to stage IVB recruited in a randomized phase III trial were assessed (NPC-0501) (NCT00379262).

First-line maintenance therapy with niraparib in advanced platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: two 'long responder' case reports and review of the current literature.

The standard of care for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer is surgical cytoreduction plus platinum-based chemotherapy; however, recurrent disease frequently occurs after treatment. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as first-line maintenance therapy have been demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of disease progression or death in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who have a complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Niraparib is the only PARP inhibitor that offers a significant progression-free survival benefit compared with placebo in this patient population regardless of the homologous recombination status.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes, Pathologic Characteristics, and Immune-Related Features of Postradiation vs Sporadic Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance: Postradiation oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is a common secondary malignant neoplasm affecting survivors of head and neck cancer who underwent radiotherapy. The clinical, pathologic, and immune-related features of postradiation OCSCC are poorly characterized, and treatment options are limited because of surgical difficulty and high morbidity associated with reirradiation.

Objective: To determine whether postradiation OCSCC has distinctive clinical, pathologic, and immune-related features compared with demographic-matched sporadic OCSCC.

Role of chemotherapy in patients with nasopharynx carcinoma treated with radiotherapy (MAC-NPC): an updated individual patient data network meta-analysis.

Background: The meta-analysis of chemotherapy for nasopharynx carcinoma (MAC-NPC) collaborative group previously showed that the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy to concomitant chemoradiotherapy had the highest survival benefit of the studied treatment regimens in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Due to the publication of new trials on induction chemotherapy, we updated the network meta-analysis.

Methods: For this individual patient data network meta-analysis, trials of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma that completed accrual before Dec 31, 2016, were identified and updated individual patient data were obtained.

Palbociclib plus letrozole versus placebo plus letrozole in Asian postmenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer: Primary results from PALOMA-4.

Background: The cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib has demonstrated efficacy and a manageable safety profile in combination with endocrine therapy in women with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) in international phase 3 trials. The phase 3 PALOMA-4 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of palbociclib plus letrozole versus placebo plus letrozole in Asian women with ER+/HER2- ABC.

Methods: Postmenopausal women (n = 340) with no prior systemic treatment for advanced disease were randomised 1:1 to palbociclib (125 mg/d orally; 3 weeks on, 1 week off) plus letrozole (2.

Exploratory Study of NPC-0501 Trial: Optimal Cisplatin Dose of Concurrent and Induction/Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: The current recommendation for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy (IC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, data on the optimal platinum doses for each phase of combined regimens are lacking.

Experimental Design: 742 patients with NPC in the NPC-0501 trial treated with CRT plus IC/AC and irradiated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were analyzed.

Phase II, Randomized Study of Spartalizumab (PDR001), an Anti-PD-1 Antibody, versus Chemotherapy in Patients with Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Cancer.

Purpose: No standard treatment exists for platinum-refractory, recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). This phase II study (NCT02605967) evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) of spartalizumab, an antiprogrammed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, versus chemotherapy, in NPC.

Patients And Methods: Patients with nonkeratinizing recurrent/metastatic NPC who progressed on/after platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled.

Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Predictive of Survival Benefit with Lenvatinib in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From the Phase III REFLECT Study.

Purpose: In REFLECT, lenvatinib demonstrated an effect on overall survival (OS) by confirmation of noninferiority to sorafenib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. This analysis assessed correlations between serum or tissue biomarkers and efficacy outcomes from REFLECT.

Experimental Design: Serum biomarkers (VEGF, ANG2, FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) were measured by ELISA.

The treatment landscape of advanced angiosarcoma in Asia-A multi-national collaboration from the Asian Sarcoma Consortium.

Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare disease with a dismal prognosis. The treatment landscape and prognostic factors for advanced AS, including locally advanced, unresectable, and metastatic disease remain elusive. The Asian Sarcoma Consortium is an international collaborative effort to understand the sarcoma treatment landscape in Asia.

Genomic characterization reveals potential biomarkers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with relapse.

Background: Although the majority of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients demonstrate favorable outcomes after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, about 8-10% of patients will develop recurrent disease, and genomic alterations (GAs) associated with the recurrence are unclear.

Methods: This study investigated the GAs in the paired primary tumors and recurrent tumors of 7 NPC patients with relapse, as well as the primary tumors of 15 NPC patients without relapse by deep targeted next-generation sequencing on 440 cancer-related genes.

Results: and mutations were significantly enriched in patients with relapse ( = 0.

Second primary cancer after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A territory-wide study by HKNPCSG.

Objectives: Long-term risk of second primary cancer (SPC) after definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the risk, predictive factors and survival impact of SPC in a large territory-wide cohort of NPC survivors in an endemic region.

Materials And Methods: In this multicenter study, consecutive NPC patients (n = 3166) who underwent definitive IMRT in all six public oncology centers in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2010 were included.

Application of hypoglossal nerve constraint in definitive radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A dosimetric feasibility study.

Purpose: Radiation-induced hypoglossal nerve palsy is an infrequent but debilitating late complication after definitive radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. D1cc < 74 Gy (equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions, EQD2) has been proposed as a potential dose constraint that limits 8-year palsy risk to < 5%. This study sets to perform detailed dosimetric assessments on the applicability of this novel dose constraint in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

NPC-0501 trial on the value of changing chemoradiotherapy sequence, replacing 5-fluorouracil with capecitabine, and altering fractionation for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: A current recommendation for the treatment of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is conventional fractionated radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent cisplatin followed by adjuvant cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (PF). This randomized NPC-0501 trial evaluated the therapeutic effect of changing to an induction-concurrent sequence or accelerated-fractionation sequence, and/or replacing 5-fluorouracil with capecitabine (X).

Methods: Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer stage III to stage IVB NPC initially were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatment arms (6-arm full-randomization cohort).

Crucifera sulforaphane (SFN) inhibits the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)/Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) axis.

Background: Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound present in cruciferous vegetable, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activities. Cancer stem cell (CSC) in bulk tumor is generally considered as treatment resistant cell and involved in cancer recurrence. The effects of SFN on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CSCs have not yet been explored.

Global comparison of cancer outcomes: standardization and correlation with healthcare expenditures.

Background: Cancer outcomes vary widely among different countries. However, comparisons of cost-effectiveness and cost-efficiency of different systems are complex because the incidences of different cancers vary across countries and their chances of cure also differ substantially. We aim to propose a new standardized method for global comparison and to explore its relationship with economic indicators.

Radiation-induced hypoglossal nerve palsy after definitive radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Clinical predictors and dose-toxicity relationship.

Background And Purpose: Radiation-induced hypoglossal nerve palsy is a debilitating and irreversible late complication after definitive radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and other skull base tumors. This study sets to evaluate its incidence and clinical predictive factors, and to propose relevant dosimetric constraints for this structure to guide radiotherapy planning.

Materials And Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of 797 NPC patients who underwent definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) between 2003 and 2011.

Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals recurrence-associated genomic alterations in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The identification of genomic alterations related to recurrence in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may help better stratify high-risk individuals and guide treatment strategies. This study aimed to identify the molecular biomarkers of recurrence in early-stage NSCLC.

Results: Of the 42 tumors evaluable for genomic alterations, TP53 and EGFR were the most frequent alterations with population frequency 52.

Management of hormone-receptor positive human epidermal receptor 2 negative advanced or metastatic breast cancers.

Hormone therapy, rather than chemotherapy, is recommended for hormone-receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal receptor 2 negative (HER2-) advanced or metastatic breast cancer (A/MBC) according to the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, unless in visceral crisis in which chemotherapy is indicated. Hormonal monotherapy of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) or selective estrogen receptor down-regulator (SERD), aromatase inhibitor (AI), or their combination as doublets, used to be the mainstay options as first-line (1L) therapy for most patients. More recently, combination targeted drugs plus AI or SERD (such as fulvestrant) has been extensively investigated in both 1L and second-line (2L) treatments of HR+ HER2- patients.

Analysis of Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Nasopharyngeal Cancer After Chemoradiation to Identify High-Risk Patients for Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose The contribution of adjuvant chemotherapy after chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remains controversial. Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is a potential biomarker of subclinical residual disease in NPC. In this prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we used plasma EBV DNA to identify patients with NPC at a higher risk of relapse for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Risk, pattern and survival impact of second primary tumors in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma following definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Aim: Second primary tumor (SPT) is a serious late complication after definitive radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We evaluated the incidence, pattern, risk factors and survival impact of SPT in NPC patients following definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods: A retrospective review of 780 consecutive IMRT-treated NPC patients between February 2003 and September 2011 was conducted.

Concurrent-Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy for Stage III-IVB Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Exploration for Achieving Optimal 10-Year Therapeutic Ratio.

Purpose: This is an updated combined analysis of 2 randomized studies (NPC-9901 and NPC-9902 trials) to evaluate the 10-year outcome attributed to the addition of concurrent-adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced locoregional nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients with stage III-IVB nonkeratinizing NPC were randomly assigned to radiation therapy alone (RT: 218 patients) or chemoradiation therapy (CRT: 223 patients) using 3 cycles of cisplatin (100 mg/m) concurrent with RT, followed by 3 cycles of cisplatin (80 mg/m) and fluorouracil (1000 mg/m/day for 4 days). All of the patients were irradiated with conventional fractionation to ≥66 Gy.

Prospective, Multicenter, Phase 2 Trial of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Bio-Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate, in a phase 2 study, whether induction docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (TPF) followed by weekly docetaxel and cetuximab in concurrence with intensity modulated radiation therapy can improve the treatment outcome for patients with advanced locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC).

Methods And Materials: Thirty-three patients with rNPC (T3-T4, N0-N1, M0) were recruited. Of these, 19 patients (57.