Pediatric Hidradenitis Suppurativa: An Overview.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients.[1] HS is more common in adults and adolescents, although true incidence rates may be underestimated due to a lack of earlier recognition of HS in children.[2] Pediatric HS is a challenging clinical entity to diagnose and manage.

Clinical and radiographic outcomes after subduro-peritoneal shunt insertion in adults.

Background: Subdural collections consist amongst others of cerebrospinal, inflammatory, haemorrhagic or infective fluid. While these accumulations can be treated with conservative or surgical measures, such as burr hole evacuation or craniotomy, clinicians may resort to implantation of a subduro-peritoneal shunt, due to their high recurrence rates. While this treatment option is widely used in the pediatric population, its efficacy and safety in adults is scarcely reported.

Disturbance in cerebral blood microcirculation and hypoxic-ischemic microenvironment are associated with the development of brain metastasis.

Background: Brain metastases (BM) constitute an increasing challenge in oncology due to their impact on neurological function, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. BM occurs through extravasation of circulating tumor cells across the blood-brain barrier. However, the extravasation processes are still poorly understood.

The Social and Home Environment: Impacts of Determinants of Health on Atopic Dermatitis, Pathways Toward Solutions, and Unique Considerations for Rural and Remote North American Indigenous Populations.

Disparities in environmental and social determinants of health (DOH) are associated with morbidity in atopic dermatitis (AD). The socioecological model (SEM) is a framework that can be applied to better understand how such DOH impacts patients with AD. We include a case scenario of a remote Indigenous patient reflective of real-world situations of living with AD and examine relevant impact, gaps in knowledge, and further research needs.

Treatment of Lentigines: A Systematic Review.

Background: Treatments for solar lentigines include topical and physical therapies, including chemical peels, lasers, intense pulsed light, and cryotherapy. A direct comparison of treatment methods and their efficacy is lacking.

Objective: To compare treatment efficacy and adverse events for different treatment modalities for lentigines.

Novel mutation and expanding phenotype in IRF2BP2 deficiency.

Objectives: Inborn errors of immunity manifest with susceptibility to infection but may also present with immune dysregulation only. According to the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Registry about 50% of inborn errors of immunity are classified as common variable immunodeficiencies (CVID). In only few CVID patients are monogenic causes identified.

MR imaging profile and histopathological characteristics of tumour vasculature, cell density and proliferation rate define two distinct growth patterns of human brain metastases from lung cancer.

Purpose: Non-invasive prediction of the tumour of origin giving rise to brain metastases (BMs) using MRI measurements obtained in radiological routine and elucidating the biological basis by matched histopathological analysis.

Methods: Preoperative MRI and histological parameters of 95 BM patients (female, 50; mean age 59.6 ± 11.

Assessing the Costs of Excessive Alcohol Consumption in Minnesota.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption, particularly excessive drinking, incurs a high societal cost. This study aimed to apply current state-specific data from 1 state, Minnesota, to established national methods for estimating the societal cost of excessive alcohol consumption for 2 purposes: first, to update the cost estimate for the state and, second, to understand the potential benefits of using state-specific data versus a national apportionment strategy for economic burden estimates.

Methods: In 2021, established methods were used to apply alcohol-attributable fractions for health care, lost productivity, crime, and other effects (e.

Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.

Study Objectives: As cannabis is increasingly used to treat sleep disorders, we performed a systematic review to examine the effects of cannabis on sleep and to guide cannabis prescribers in their recommendations to patients, specifically focusing on dosing.

Methods: We searched EMBASE, Medline, and Web of Science and identified 4550 studies for screening. Five hundred sixty-eight studies were selected for full-text review and 31 were included for analysis.

Hyper-IgE and Carcinoma in CADINS Disease.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects up to 25% of children and 10% of adults in Western countries. When severe or recurrent infections and exceedingly elevated serum IgE levels occur in AD patients, an inborn error of immunity (IEI) may be suspected. The International Union of Immunological Societies classification lists variants in different genes responsible for so-called Hyper-IgE syndromes.

The Intersection of Depressive Symptoms, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Protective Factors Among Adolescents: Epidemiological Evidence from Minnesota, 2016 and 2019.

Unlabelled: Prevalence of mental health problems among US youth has increased in recent years, and there is a dearth of epidemiological research at the state level that integrates risk and protective factors into population-based surveillance. We utilized the developmental assets framework to measure protective factors; we assessed (1) prevalence of depressive symptoms, high adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; ≥ 4 ACEs), and few developmental assets (≤ 2 assets) over time, and (2) associations among these three phenomena. Using 2016 and 2019 Minnesota Student Survey data, we utilized descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and post-estimation analyses (adjusting for school clustering and demographics).

Extracranial ultrasound following mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute stroke.

Background And Purpose: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard care for patients suffering from an ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion. Immediate and follow-up transcranial ultrasound examinations after MT were shown to have a diagnostic benefit. However, it is unclear whether repeated extracranial ultrasound after MT has an additional diagnostic yield, that is, depicts new findings.

Biosurveillance of Drug Overdoses and Substance Misuse Treated in Selected Emergency Departments in Minnesota, 2017-2020.

Objectives: Increasing knowledge about the toxicology of drug overdose and substance misuse (DOSM) is important in improving our understanding of the epidemic. We describe the Minnesota Drug Overdose and Substance Use Pilot Surveillance Activity, which started collecting data on emergency department (ED) visits attributable to DOSM in 2017, with a focus on the toxicology results of a subset of clinical encounters.

Methods: From November 1, 2017, through January 30, 2020, we collected near-real-time data on DOSM-related ED encounters.

Field monitoring data on a residential exhaust air heat pump system (air-to-air heat pump).

This data article presents the raw data used in the article "Experimental and analytical evaluation of exhaust air heat pumps in ventilation-based heating systems" [1]. The data set contains measurement results of a field monitoring on a residential exhaust air heat pump system (air-to-air heat pump) in Germany. This data could be used to investigate the dynamic behavior and performance of the exhaust air heat pump systems.

Trends in Deaths Fully Attributable to Alcohol in Minnesota, 2000-2018.

Objective: Overall trends in rates of fully alcohol-attributable mortality may mask disparities among demographic groups. We investigated overall, demographic, and geographic trends in fully alcohol-attributable mortality rates in Minnesota.

Methods: We obtained mortality data from Minnesota death certificates and defined fully alcohol-attributable deaths as deaths that would not occur in the absence of alcohol.

Hematologically important mutations: The autosomal forms of chronic granulomatous disease (third update).

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an immunodeficiency disorder affecting about 1 in 250,000 individuals. CGD patients suffer from severe, recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. The disease is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the components of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase.

Hematologically important mutations: X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (fourth update).

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an immunodeficiency disorder affecting about 1 in 250,000 individuals. CGD patients suffer from severe bacterial and fungal infections. The disease is caused by a lack of superoxide production by the leukocyte enzyme NADPH oxidase.

AXL Inhibition in Macrophages Stimulates Host-versus-Leukemia Immunity and Eradicates Naïve and Treatment-Resistant Leukemia.

Acute leukemias are systemic malignancies associated with a dire outcome. Because of low immunogenicity, leukemias display a remarkable ability to evade immune control and are often resistant to checkpoint blockade. Here, we discover that leukemia cells actively establish a suppressive environment to prevent immune attacks by co-opting a signaling axis that skews macrophages toward a tumor-promoting tissue repair phenotype, namely the GAS6/AXL axis.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Cures Therapy-refractory Aspergillosis in Chronic Granulomatous Disease.

Background: Pulmonary invasive aspergillosis is a frequent and life-threatening complication for patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Despite combined treatment with several groups of antifungal agents, conservative treatment of invasive aspergillosis often remains refractory. Pulmonary invasive aspergillosis is often treated by surgical resection of consolidated lobes or segments, donor granulocyte transfusions and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Outcome of chronic granulomatous disease - Conventional treatment vs stem cell transplantation.

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cure chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), but it remains debated whether all conventionally treated CGD patients benefit from HSCT.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 104 conventionally treated CGD patients, of whom 50 patients underwent HSCT.

Results: On conventional treatment, seven patients (13%) died after a median time of 16.

A case of recurrent herpes simplex 2 encephalitis, VZV reactivations, and dominant partial interferon-gamma-receptor-1 deficiency supports relevance of IFNgamma for antiviral defense in humans.

Background: Unlike infections with mycobacteria, reports of unusual viral infections in interferon-gamma-receptor (IFNγR) deficient patients are scarce. Therefore, discussion about increased susceptibility to viral infections in these patients is ongoing.

Case Presentation: We describe a 51-year-old male with dominant partial interferon-gamma-receptor-1 (IFNγR1)-deficiency and recurrent Herpes simplex 2 meningoencephalitis as well as other viral reactivations since childhood.

Matched Family Donor Lymphocyte Infusions as First Cellular Therapy for Patients with Severe Primary T Cell Deficiencies.

Patients with primary immunodeficiencies caused by severe defects in T cell immunity are at risk of acquiring life-threatening infections. Cellular therapies are necessary to establish normal T cell function and to allow for long-term survival. This is most commonly achieved by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the outcome of this procedure is impaired if active infections are present at the time of HSCT.