Asymmetrically Substituted Phospholes as Ligands for Coinage Metal Complexes.

A series of coinage metal complexes asymmetrically substituted 2,5-diaryl phosphole ligands is reported. Structure, identity, and purity of all obtained complexes were corroborated with state-of-the-art techniques (multinuclear NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction) in solution and solid state. All complexes obtained feature luminescence in solution as well as in the solid state.

Phosphetes via Transition Metal Free Ring Closure - Taking the Proper Turn at a Thermodynamic Crossing.

A transition metal free route to phosphetes featuring an exocyclic alkene unit is presented. In this approach phosphanides are added to a variety of diynes generating phosphaallylic intermediates which depending on the reaction conditions transform either to phosphetes or the corresponding phospholes. Investigation of the reaction mechanism by combined quantum chemical and experimental means identifies phosphole formation as thermodynamically controlled reaction path, whereas kinetic control furnishes the corresponding phosphetes.

Cis versus Trans: The Coordination Environment about the Tin(IV) Atom in Spirocyclic Amino Alcohol Derivatives.

The syntheses of amino alcohols MeN(CH CH CMe OH) (1), MeN(CMe CH OH)(CH CMe OH) (2), MeN(CH CH CH OH)(CH CMe OH) (3), MeN(CH CH CMe OH)(CH CMe OH) (4), MeN(CH CH CMe OH)(CH CH OH) (5), and MeN(CH CH OH) (CH CH CH OH) (6) as well as spirocyclic tin(IV) alkoxides spiro-[nBuN(CH CMe O) ] Sn (7), spiro-[MeN(CH CH CMe O) ] Sn (8), spiro-[para-FC H N (CH CMe O) ] Sn (9), spiro-[MeN(CMe CH O)(CH CMe O)] Sn (10), spiro-[MeN(CH CH CH O)(CH CMe O)] Sn (11), spiro-[MeN(CH CH CMe O)(CH CMe O)] Sn (12), spiro-[MeN(CH CH CMe O)(CH CH O)] Sn (13) and spiro-[MeN(CH CH O)(CH CH CH O)] Sn (14) are reported. The compounds were characterized by H, C (1-14) and Sn (7-14) NMR and IR spectroscopy, EIMS and single-crystal XRD (2, 7-10 and 13, 14). Graph-set analyses were performed for compounds [(MeNH(CMe CH OH)(CH CMe OH)][HC(O)O] (2 a) and 2.

Development and field tests of a narrowband all-reflective spatial heterodyne spectrometer.

We describe the design, development, and performance of a narrowband, all-reflective, unaliased spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) that has been tested in observations at the focus of the 1.6 m main telescope of the McMath-Pierce solar telescope on Kitt Peak. The all-reflective SHS described herein is a highly robust common-path Fourier transform spectrometer without moving parts that, over a limited spectral region, combines the large field of view and high resolving power characteristic of interference spectrometers but at substantially reduced instrument size and optical tolerances.

Initial ground-based thermospheric wind measurements using Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH).

We present the first thermospheric wind measurements using a Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH) spectrometer and the oxygen red-line nightglow emission. The ground-based observations were made from Washington, DC and include simultaneous calibration measurements to track and correct instrument drifts. Even though the measurements were made under challenging thermal and light pollution conditions, they are of good quality with photon statistics uncertainties between about three and twenty-nine meters per second, depending on the nightglow intensity.

Design and laboratory tests of a Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH) interferometer for upper atmospheric wind and temperature observations.

We describe the design, fabrication and laboratory tests of a Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH) interferometer for upper atmospheric wind and temperature observations of the O[1D] 630 nm emission. The monolithic interferometer has no moving parts, a large étendue, relaxed fabrication and alignment tolerances and can measure multiple emission lines simultaneously. Laboratory measurements indicate that the design resolution and étendue were achieved and that thermal drifts can be determined with sufficient precision for geophysical applications.

Evaluation of payload performance for a sounding rocket vacuum ultraviolet spatial heterodyne spectrometer to observe C IV lambdalambda1550 emissions from the Cygnus Loop.

The results of a project to develop a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) for a sounding rocket mission to study the Cygnus Loop, a prototypical middle-aged supernova remnant, are discussed. The goal was to obtain a radial velocity-resolved spectrum of the C IV lambdalambda1550 emission line from bright features of the Cygnus Loop, as a test for mapping the diffuse hot interstellar medium (ISM). A full Fourier-transform analysis of Cygnus Loop emission data is presented, showing lack of velocity-resolved C IV emission detection.

First results from an all-reflection spatial heterodyne spectrometer with broad spectral coverage.

Operation of an all-reflection, broadband, spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) is reported. This Mark 2 SHS is constructed using a custom diffraction grating and other standard optical components. The custom grating is coarse (18 grooves/mm), with a symmetric blaze that allows its simultaneous use as dispersing element and beam splitter and combiner.

Broadband, high-resolution spatial heterodyne spectrometer.

Design and performance parameters for a broadband, high-resolution spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) are reported. The Mark 1 SHS achieves more than a factor of 5 in continuous wavenumber coverage with a design resolving power in the hundreds of thousands.

OH absorption spectroscopy in a flame using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy.

We demonstrate measurements of OH absorption spectra in the post-flame zone of a McKenna burner using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS). SHS permits high-resolution, high-throughput measurements. In this case the spectra span approximately 308-310 nm with a resolution of 0.

Correction of phase distortion in spatial heterodyne spectroscopy.

The detailed analysis of measured interferograms generally requires phase correction. Phase-shift correction methods are commonly used and well documented for conventional Fourier-transform spectroscopy. However, measured interferograms can show additional phase errors, depending on the optical path difference and signal frequency, which we call phase distortion.

Robust monolithic ultraviolet interferometer for the SHIMMER instrument on STPSat-1.

We describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a monolithic interferometer consisting entirely of optically contacted fused-silica optical elements that are assembled, adjusted, and permanently bonded in place. The interferometer is part of a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) [SHIMMER (Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals)] that will be used for near-ultraviolet high-spectral-resolution limb imaging of OH solar resonance fluorescence from low Earth orbit aboard the satellite STPSat-1 scheduled for launch in 2006. The stability of the monolith coupled with the relaxed tolerances on optical quality and alignment inherent to SHS make this new instrument extremely robust and especially attractive for applications in harsh environments.

SHIMMER: a spatial heterodyne spectrometer for remote sensing of earth's middle atmosphere.

It is well known and demonstrated that interference spectroscopy offers capabilities to obtain passive remote optical sensing spectra of high precision and also achieves economies in size, cost, and ease of deployment compared with more conventional systems. We describe the development of a near-ultraviolet spatial heterodyne spectrometer designed for remote sensing of the global distribution of the hydroxyl radical OH in the Earth's middle atmosphere. The instrument, known as SHIMMER (Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals), is expected to obtain its first OH measurement from space in early 2002 from the Space Shuttle.

Far-ultraviolet imaging spectroscopy of Io's atmosphere with HST/STIS.

Well-resolved far-ultraviolet spectroscopic images of O I, S I, and previously undetected H ILyman-alpha emission from Io were obtained with the Hubble space telescope imaging spectrograph (STIS). Detected O I and S I lines (1250 to 1500 angstroms) have bright equatorial spots (up to 2.5 kilorayleighs) that shift position with jovian magnetic field orientation; limb glow that is brighter on the hemisphere facing the jovian magnetic equator; and faint diffuse emission extending to approximately 20 Io radii.

Fabry-Perot CCD annular-summing spectroscopy: study and implementation for aeronomy applications.

The technique of Fabry-Perot CCD annular-summing spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on applications in aeronomy, is discussed. Parameter choices for optimizing performance by the use of a standard format CCD array are detailed. Spectral calibration methods, techniques for determining the ring pattern center, and effects imposed by limited radial resolution caused by superpixel size, variable by on-chip binning, are demonstrated.

High spectral resolution lidar to measure optical scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols. 2: calibration and data analysis.

The high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) measures optical properties of atmospheric aerosols by interferometrically separating the elastic aerosol backscatter from the Doppler broadened molecular contribution. Calibration and data analysis procedures developed for the HSRL are described. Data obtained during flight evaluation testing of the HSRL system are presented with estimates of uncertainties due to instrument calibration.

High spectral resolution lidar to measure optical scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols. 1: theory and instrumentation.

A high spectral resolution lidar technique to measure optical scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols is described. Light backscattered by the atmosphere from a narrowband optically pumped oscillator-amplifier dye laser is separated into its Doppler broadened molecular and elastically scattered aerosol components by a two-channel Fabry-Perot polyetalon interferometer. Aerosol optical properties, such as the backscatter ratio, optical depth, extinction cross section, scattering cross section, and the backscatter phase function, are derived from the two-channel measurements.

All-reflection Michelson interferometer: analysis and test for far ir Fourier spectroscopy.

The beam splitter of the all-reflection Michelson interferometer consists of a combination of three parallel diffraction gratings. This paper extends the analysis of the instrument to include the effects of lateral errors in the grating adjustment (i.e.

New fourier transform all-reflection interferometer.

This paper describes the design and tests of an all-reflection two-beam interferometer. The interferometer consists of three reflecting diffraction gratings and two collimating mirrors. The use of only reflection optics eliminates the need for a transmitting beam splitter and compensation plate thus permitting the possibility of using the interferometer in the vacuum ultraviolet.

Fabry-perot spectrometer adjustment for the compensation of Doppler shift from rapidly rotating and rapidly flowing sources.

The Doppler shift of light from a rapidly rotating or rapidly flowing source limits the spectroscopic resolution with which it can be studied using Fabry-Perot spectrometers that have the usual axial fringe adjustment. Because of the angular dependence of the wavenumber transmitted by the Fabry-Perot, the entrance aperture can be positioned off-axis at an angle chosen such that the wavenumber shift across the entrance aperture matches the shift presented by the source, thereby compensating for the Doppler effect. The principle can be extended to the Michelson interferometer for Fourier transform spectroscopy when the Michelson is used without field compensation.