The effects of soman poisoning in combination with hypovolemic shock.

Hemorrhage is a cause of death in both combat and civilian injuries. The specific objectives of this research were: (1) to determine the pathophysiologic effects of combined injuries from sublethal amounts of an organophosphate (soman) along with hypovolemic shock, and (2) to determine the efficacy of atropine sulfate and pralidoxime (2-PAM) therapy for organophosphate poisoning when combined injuries occur. Four groups of six beagle dogs/group were used: Group V/H, vehicle administration followed by hemorrhage; Group S/H, soman administration followed by hemorrhage; Group S/A/H, soman followed by antidote (atropine and 2-PAM) and then hemorrhage; and Group S, soman only.

Endotoxin-induced hemodynamic and prostaglandin changes in ponies: effects of flunixin meglumine, dexamethasone, and prednisolone.

Shock was induced in four groups of anesthetized ponies with an intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin [125 micrograms/kg]. Five minutes after endotoxin injection, the ponies were given no treatment (group A), flunixin meglumine (FM:1.1 mg/kg) (group B), dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) (group C), or prednisolone (10 mg/kg) (group D).

Improvement in glucose tolerance of diabetic dogs after implantation of neonatal pancreatic fragments.

Minced neonatal pancreatic tissue from 3-6 canine littermates was placed in the peritoneal cavity of five alloxan diabetic dogs without separation of endocrine and exocrine tissue. Fasting blood glucose levels declined from a preimplant level of 211 +/- 57 mg/dl to 111 +/- 6 mg/dl. The maximum blood glucose following a glucose challenge declined from 387 +/- 26 mg/dl to 175 +/- 37 mg/dl.

Effects of flunixin meglumine on blood pressure and fluid compartment volume changes in ponies given endotoxin.

A study was conducted to determine whether body fluids undergo a net shift from one compartment to another during endotoxin-induced shock in the pony, and whether flunixin meglumine alters these endotoxin-induced changes in the volumes of body fluid compartments. Total blood, RBC, and plasma volumes were determined, using 51Cr-labeled RBC and PCV that were corrected for trapped plasma. Total body water was measured by distribution of 3HOH.

Endotoxin-induced hemodynamic changes in dogs: role of thromboxane and prostaglandin I2.

Plasma concentrations of thromboxane and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) before and after IV injection of endotoxin and resulting hemodynamic changes were evaluated. Effects of flunixin meglumine on plasma concentrations of these prostaglandins and the related hemodynamic changes were also determined. Shock was induced in 2 groups of anesthetized dogs.

Effects of naloxone on endotoxin-induced changes in ponies.

The value of naloxone (1 mg/kg of body weight/hr for 4 hrs), a beta-endorphin antagonist, was assessed in the management of endotoxin-induced shock in ponies. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: controls, ponies given Escherichia coli endotoxin put untreated, and ponies given endotoxin and then treated with naloxone. Endotoxin-induced changes in hemodynamics, blood chemical values, regional blood flow, plasma enzymes, and energy supplies were measured at selected times during the first 6 hours after endotoxin was given.

Metabolism of estrogens in the gastrointestinal tract of swine. I. Instilled estradiol.

One minute after instillation of 14C-estradiol-17 beta (14C-E2 17 beta) into selected sections of the gastrointestinal tract of swine, radioactive estradiol metabolites were present in blood collected from the portal and jugular veins. Ether was used to extract free but not conjugated estrogens. The percentage of plasma radioactivity that was ether extractable (EE) was low in portal plasma and even lower in jugular plasma following instillation of 14C-E2 17 beta into the stomach, ileum and colon.

Metabolism of estrogens in the gastrointestinal tract of swine. II. Orally administered estradiol-17 beta-D-glucuronide.

Studies were conducted to determine the absorption and metabolic fate of orally administered 3H-estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide (3H-E2-G) in swine. Xylazine-tranquilized female pigs (5 to 6 wk old) were given .04, .

Thromboxane, prostaglandin I2 (epoprostenol), and the hemodynamic changes in equine endotoxin shock.

This study had 2 objectives: (i) to correlate plasma thromboxane and prostaglandin I2 (epoprostenol) concentrations with hemodynamic changes occurring in equine endotoxin shock, and (ii) to determine the effects of flunixin meglumine on plasma concentrations of these prostaglandins relative to hemodynamic changes. Shock was induced in 2 groups, each of 4 anesthetized ponies, and in a 3rd group of 2 ponies. Group A ponies were given endotoxin only (and were not treated), and group B ponies were given endotoxin and then treated with flunixin meglumine.

Endotoxin-induced change in hemograms, plasma enzymes, and blood chemical values in anesthetized ponies: effects of flunixin meglumine.

A study was made of flunixin meglumine (FM), an analgesic agent with antiprostaglandin activity, in the management of endotoxin-induced changes in ponies. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: A--controls, B--nontreated ponies with endotoxin-induced shock, and C--ponies with endotoxin-induced shock treated with FM. Shock was induced in anesthetized ponies with IV injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin.

Endotoxin-induced hemodynamic changes in ponies: effects of flunixin meglumine.

A study was made of flunixin meglumine, an analgesic agent with antiinflammatory and antiprostaglandin activity, for the management of endotoxin-induced cardiovascular derangements. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: controls--group 1; given endotoxin but not treated--group 2; and given endotoxin and treated with flunixin meglumine--group 3. Shock was induced in anesthetized ponies with IV injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin.

Effect of the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin in the management of hemorrhagic shock in the dog.

Aprotinin, a proteinase inhibitor, was evaluated as a pharmacologic aid in dogs subjected to lethal hemorrhagic shock. Survival time, hemodynamic changes, and plasma enzyme analysis were measured as criteria for drug effects. Mixed-breed dogs (n = 14) were divided into 2 groups of 7 each: nontreated dogs in shock (group 1) and aprotinin-treated dogs in shock (group 2).

Dexamethasone treatment during hemorrhagic shock: effects independent of increased blood pressure.

Effects of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg of body weight) on organ blood flow, enzyme release, and hemodynamics were studied in dogs with hemorrhagic shock to determine if the consequences observed were due to increased mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) or intrinsic effects of dexamethasone. Hemorrhage was induced in anesthetized dogs until the MABP was 50 mm of Hg and then the dogs were treated with dexamethasone or an equal volume of saline solution. Dogs remained connected to the blood reservoir during the entire experiment and MABP was maintained at 50 mm of Hg in the treated and control groups of dogs.

Dexamethasone treatment during hemorrhagic shock: blood pressure, tissue perfusion, and plasma enzymes.

In a study to determine beneficial effects of dexamethazone (5 mg/kg) during hemorrhagic shock, perfusion (as measured by radioactive microspheres) and plasma enzymes were measured. Hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial blood pressure, MABP, of 50 mm of Hg) was induced in dogs and then the dogs were isolated from the shed-blood reservoir and were allowed to compensate their MABP. Hemodynamic changes, tissue perfusion, and plasma enzymes were measured at different intervals of time in nontreated and dexamethasone-treated dogs.

Caliber spectra of fibers in the fasciculus gracilis of the cat cervical spinal cord: a quantitative electron microscopic study.

In order to obtain a better understanding of the microscopic structure of the cat fasciculus gracilis, entire cross-sections of the fasciculus were examined with the electron microscope. Twenty-five thousand, two hundred and eighty-four fibers were encountered in one fasciculus. The fiber caliber spectra obtained from the study show that the fasciculus gracilis at cervical level has a unique fiber distribution pattern.