Fatty acid-binding protein 7 gene deletion promotes decreases in brain cannabinoid type 1 receptor binding.

Fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) aids in the intracellular transport of endogenous cannabinoids and is involved in regulating the stress response system. This study examined the role of FABP7 in chronic stress exposure through the binding of CB1 receptors. Adult male FABP7 and FABP7 mice were treated with the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) procedure.

Vaporized Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure in utero has negative effects on attention in a dose- and sex-dependent manner.

There has been an increasing use of cannabis during pregnancy in recent years. Studies have indicated that THC exposure in utero may increase the risk of attention deficits and memory impairments in adolescence. The goal of the present study is to investigate the effects of vaporized THC exposure during pregnancy on offspring memory and attention performance in early and late adolescence.

The role of fatty acid-binding protein 5 and 7 on locomotor, anxiety and social behavior: Interaction with NMDA signaling.

The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be a powerful mediator of anxiety, learning and memory, as well as nociception behaviors. Exogenous cannabinoids like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol mimic the naturally occurring endogenous cannabinoids found in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system. The hydrophobic properties of endocannabinoids mean that these psychoactive compounds require help with cellular transport.

Vaporized nicotine in utero results in reduced birthweight, increased locomotion, and decreased voluntary exercise, dependent on sex and diet in offspring.

Rationale Clinical research has shown that prenatal exposure to nicotine may result in increased obesity risk later in life. Preclinical research has corroborated this finding, but few studies have investigated inhaled nicotine or the interaction with diet on obesity risk. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on both direct and indirect obesity measures, with both sex and diet as factors.

Vaporized Δ9-THC in utero results in reduced birthweight, increased locomotion, and altered wake-cycle activity dependent on dose, sex, and diet in the offspring.

Aims: Preclinical studies have found that chronic ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) treatment is directly associated with weight gain when introduced during adolescence and adulthood, but the effect of prenatal THC is unclear. Clinical studies have demonstrated prenatal exposure to THC is a prospective predictor of increased health risks associated with obesity. Our study aims to examine prenatal THC impact on obesity risks in males and females throughout adolescence using a clinically relevant inhalation model.

High intensity interval training exercise increases dopamine D2 levels and modulates brain dopamine signaling.

Background: Previous research has outlined the health benefits of exercise including its therapeutic potential for substance use disorders (SUD). These data have already been utilized and it is now common to find exercise as part of SUD treatment and relapse prevention programs. However, we need to better understand different exercise regimens and determine which would be the most beneficial for SUDs.

FABP5 is important for cognitive function and is an important regulator of the physiological effects and pharmacokinetics of acute Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol inhalation in mice.

Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) interacts with the endocannabinoid system in the brain via intracellular transport of anandamide, as well as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Previous work has established the behavioral effects of genetic deletion of FABP5, but not in the presence of THC. The present study sought to further elucidate the role of FABP5 on the pharmacokinetic and behavioral response to THC through global deletion.

Fatty acid-binding protein 5 differentially impacts dopamine signaling independent of sex and environment.

Epidermal/brain fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) plays an integral role in the intracellular trafficking of bioactive lipids/endocannabinoids and the subsequent initiation of cellular cascades affecting cannabinoid and dopamine (DA) systems. Social isolation (SI) and environmental enrichment (EE) during adolescence have been shown to impact DA signaling, and, specifically, DA transporter (DAT) and receptor levels of DA type 1 (D1) and 2 (D2); however, the relationship between FABP5, environment and DA signaling remains unclear. The present study quantified DAT and DA receptor levels in male/female FABP5-/- and FABP5+/+ mice raised in either SI or EE.

[Reorientation of the hospital planning in NRW-Importance for cardiovascular medicine and thoracic surgery].

The year 2022 will mark the beginning of a new era for hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia. With the reorganization of hospital planning in NRW to an allocation of treatment assignments via specialized medical service groups with personnel and infrastructural structural quality requirements specific for this purpose instead of via specialized departments and beds, a new form of hospital planning and structuring is implemented. This method is now proposed by the "government commission for a modern and needs-based hospital treatment" implemented by the Minister of Health Lauterbach as a structurization option for the whole of Germany in combination with hospital treatment levels.

Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5 Gene Deletion Enhances Nicotine-Conditioned Place Preference: Illuminating the Putative Gateway Mechanisms.

Emerging evidence indicates that the endogenous cannabinoid system modulates the behavioral and physiological effects of nicotine. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are among the primary intracellular trafficking mechanisms of endogenous cannabinoids, such as anandamide. To this end, changes in FABP expression may similarly impact the behavioral manifestations associated with nicotine, particularly its addictive properties.

Calorie restriction, but not Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, increases [ H] PK11195 binding in a rat model of obesity.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) remains an effective weight-loss method used to treat obesity. While it is successful in combating obesity, there are many lingering questions related to the changes in the brain following RYGB surgery, one of them being its effects on neuroinflammation. While it is known that chronic high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to obesity and neuroinflammation, it remains to be understood whether bariatric surgery can ameliorate diet-induced inflammatory responses.

Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review.

Nicotine usage by mothers throughout pregnancy has been observed to relate to numerous deleterious effects in children, especially relating to obesity. Children who have prenatally been exposed to nicotine tend to have lower birth weights, with an elevated risk of becoming overweight throughout development and into their adolescent and adult life. There are numerous theories as to how this occurs: catch-up growth theory, thrifty phenotype theory, neurotransmitter or endocrine imbalances theory, and a more recent examination on the genetic factors relating to obesity risk.

High Fat Diet Increases [H] Flunitrazepam Binding in the Mouse Brain that is Dependent on the Expression of the Dopamine D2 Gene.

Dopamine is an important neuromodulator in the brain that binds to dopamine D1-like receptors (D1, D5) as well as dopamine D2-like receptors (D2, D3, D4). The D2 receptor is known to play an integral role in a variety of physiological processes including addictive behaviors, locomotion, motivation, feeding behavior, and more. It was recently reported that dopamine is a direct-acting modulator of mammalian GABA(A) receptors.

Unpredictable chronic mild stress differentially impacts resting brain glucose metabolism in fatty acid-binding protein 7 deficient mice.

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular chaperone proteins involved in the trafficking of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and endocannabinoids. Inhibiting two of the main FABP subtypes found in the brain (FABP5 and FABP7) hinders endocannabinoid uptake and hydrolysis. Prior data indicates that cannabinoid receptor stimulation can ameliorate the consequences associated with chronic stress.

Environmental enrichment sex-dependently rescues memory impairment in FABP5 KO mice not mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular carriers of bioactive lipids and play a role in the trafficking of endocannabinoids as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mice lacking the FABP5 gene have memory impairments. Environmental enrichment is a potent manipulation known to rescue or improve memory performance.

Oxysterol 7-α Hydroxylase (CYP7B1) Attenuates Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Mice at Thermoneutrality.

Ambient temperature is an important determinant of both the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway controlled by oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase (CYP7B1) and the progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Here, we investigated whether CYP7B1 is involved in the etiology of MAFLD under conditions of low and high energy expenditure. For this, Cyp7b1 and wild type (WT) mice were fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet and housed either at 30 °C (thermoneutrality) or at 22 °C (mild cold).

[Quality in acute inpatient rheumatology 2021 : Current aspects of the KOBRA quality label of the Association of Rheumatological Acute Care Clinics].

A comprehensive health policy quality campaign launched in 2021 aims to improve the quality and transparency of hospital care for people with diseases in Germany. Legal requirements for minimum volumes and the expansion of quality contracts between cost units and hospitals as well as the use of quality indicators relevant to planning for demand-oriented and quality-oriented further development of inpatient care will increase competition in the quality of care between hospitals. The topic of development and definition of quality in medicine was also comprehensively addressed by the Association of Rheumatological Acute Care Clinics (VRA) shortly after its foundation in 1998.

[Depiction of cardiovascular surgery in the current modified German DRG system 2021].

Introduction: The year 2020 will always stand in the shadow of the pandemic triggered by the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The first three quarter years of 2020 were characterized by an unprecedented reduction of elective inpatient services and a prioritization of intensive care capacity for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. This also resulted in clear consequences for the services provided in cardiac surgery.

Chronic oral methylphenidate treatment in adolescent rats promotes dose-dependent effects on NMDA receptor binding.

Aim: Examine the effects of chronic oral Methylphenidate (MP) treatment on the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor binding in the rat brain using a previously established drinking paradigm that has been shown to deliver MP with similar pharmacokinetic profile as observed clinically.

Main Methods: Briefly, rats were divided into three treatment groups of water, low dose MP (LD; 4/10 mg/kg), or high dose MP (HD; 30/60 mg/kg). Following a 3-month treatment period, some rats were sacrificed while others went through an additional 1-month abstinence period before they were sacrificed.

PASylated interferon α efficiently suppresses hepatitis B virus and induces anti-HBs seroconversion in HBV-transgenic mice.

Interferon α (IFNα) so far is the only therapeutic option for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection that can lead to virus clearance. Unfortunately, its application is limited by side effects and response rates are low. The aim of this study was to generate a novel long-acting IFNα with the help of PASylation technology that adds a polypeptide comprising Proline, Alanine and Serine (PAS) to increase plasma half-life.

Treating Anemia in the Preanesthesia Assessment Clinic: Results of a Retrospective Evaluation.

Background: Perioperative anemia is challenging during hospital stay because anemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. With the implementation of patient blood management (PBM), a preanesthesia assessment clinic to screen and treat anemia before elective surgery was institutionalized at Muenster University Hospital, Germany. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association between treating preoperative anemic patients with intravenous iron (IVI) and (primarily) presurgical hemoglobin levels and (secondarily) use of RBCs and mortality.

A Woman in Her 60s With Lung Adenocarcinoma Presents With Copious Watery Sputum and Respiratory Failure.

A woman in her 60s presented with 1 month of progressive dyspnea, watery rhinorrhea, and paroxysmal cough productive of clear, watery sputum. She was diagnosed with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma at another institution 1 week prior to presentation and 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms. She was a never-smoker.

[Representation of Internal Medicine in G-DRG System - Analysis of Reasons for Prolonged Length of Stay].

 There is an ongoing discussion within the German Society of Internal Medicine (DGIM) and the Professional Association of German Internists (BDI) about the appropriate depiction and remuneration of internal medicine in the G-DRG.  Therefore, cases with a significantly prolonged length of stay were analyzed in a multicenter study. 124 cases from 6 hospitals were collected for evaluation.