Molecular shifts in dissolved organic matter along a burn severity continuum for common land cover types in the Pacific Northwest, USA.

Increasing wildfire severity is of growing concern in the western United States, with consequences for the production, composition, and mobilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from terrestrial to aquatic systems. Our current understanding of wildfire impacted DOM (often termed pyrogenic DOM) composition is largely built from temperature-based studies that can be difficult to extrapolate to field conditions, which are often defined by 'burn severity', or the post-wildfire impact observed at a site. Thus, burn severity can encapsulate a broader range of fire and environmental conditions not exclusive to temperature.

'I'm a failure again, I can't do it': Attitudes towards, and experiences of, exercise participation in adults with class III obesity.

Objectives: Living within a larger body brings unique challenges to exercise participation, which are poorly understood. This qualitative study explored the attitudes towards, and experiences of, exercise participation in adults with class III obesity.

Design: Individual semi-structured qualitative interviews.

Experimental Open Air Burning of Vegetation Enhances Organic Matter Chemical Heterogeneity Compared to Laboratory Burns.

Wildfires produce solid residuals that have unique chemical and physical properties compared to unburned materials, which influence their cycling and fate in the natural environment. Visual burn severity assessment is used to evaluate post-fire alterations to the landscape in field-based studies, yet muffle furnace methods are commonly used in laboratory studies to assess molecular scale alterations along a temperature continuum. Here, we examined solid and leachable organic matter characteristics from chars visually characterized as low burn severity that were created either on an open air burn table or from low-temperature muffle furnace burns.

Functional Characterisation of the ATOH1 Molecular Subtype Indicates a Pro-Metastatic Role in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Molecular subtypes of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) have been described based on differential expression of transcription factors (TFs) , and immune-related genes. We previously reported an additional subtype based on expression of the neurogenic TF within our SCLC Circulating tumour cell-Derived eXplant (CDX) model biobank. Here we show that ATOH1 protein was detected in 7/81 preclinical models and 16/102 clinical samples of SCLC.

Biogeochemistry of upland to wetland soils, sediments, and surface waters across Mid-Atlantic and Great Lakes coastal interfaces.

Transferable and mechanistic understanding of cross-scale interactions is necessary to predict how coastal systems respond to global change. Cohesive datasets across geographically distributed sites can be used to examine how transferable a mechanistic understanding of coastal ecosystem control points is. To address the above research objectives, data were collected by the EXploration of Coastal Hydrobiogeochemistry Across a Network of Gradients and Experiments (EXCHANGE) Consortium - a regionally distributed network of researchers that collaborated on experimental design, methodology, collection, analysis, and publication.

Metabolic monitoring of pediatric patients prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medication.

Introduction: The prevalence of psychotropic medication prescription use in youth has increased over the past several years. Despite recommendations and practice parameters established by the American Diabetes Association-American Psychiatric Association (ADA-APA) outlining metabolic monitoring of patients prescribed second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medication, monitoring adherence for the pediatric patient population remains inadequate.

Aims: This project aimed to improve metabolic monitoring of pediatric patients prescribed SGAs and discharge recommendations for follow-up monitoring within a small, child, and adolescent psychiatric hospital.

Silica as a Model Ice-Nucleating Particle to Study the Effects of Crystallinity, Porosity, and Low-Density Surface Functional Groups on Immersion Freezing.

Aerosol particles can facilitate heterogeneous ice formation in the troposphere and stratosphere by acting as ice-nucleating particles, modulating cloud formation/dissipation, precipitation, and their microphysical properties. Heterogeneous ice nucleation is driven by ice embryo formation on the particle surface, which can be influenced by features of the surface such as crystallinity, surface structure, lattice structure, defects, and functional groups. To characterize the effect of crystallinity, pores, and surface functional groups toward ice nucleation, samples of comparable silica systems, specifically, quartz, ordered and nonordered porous amorphous silica samples with a range of pore sizes (2-11 nm), and nonporous functionalized silica spheres, were used as models for mineral dust aerosol particles.

Agricultural land use changes stream dissolved organic matter via altering soil inputs to streams.

Agricultural land use leads to significant changes in both the quality (e.g., sources and compositions) and quantity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems.

Direct versus indirect effects of human activities on dissolved organic matter in highly impacted lakes.

Human activities can alter dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lakes through both direct (i.e., exporting DOM of anthropogenic sources) and indirect effects (i.

Controls of Land Use and the River Continuum Concept on Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in an Anthropogenically Disturbed Subtropical Watershed.

About 250 Tg of dissolved organic carbon are annually transported from inland waters to coastal systems making rivers a critical link between terrestrial and ocean carbon pools. During transport through fluvial systems, various biogeochemical processes selectively remove or transform labile material, effectively altering the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported to the ocean. The river continuum concept (RCC) has been historically used as a model to predict the fate and quality of organic matter along a river continuum.

Land Use Controls on the Spatial Variability of Dissolved Black Carbon in a Subtropical Watershed.

Rivers export roughly 250 Pg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to coastal oceans. DOC exported from rivers can be a reflection of watershed dynamics, and changes in land use can lead to shifts in the molecular composition and reactivity of riverine DOC. About 10% of DOC exported from rivers is dissolved black carbon (DBC), a collection of polycondensed aromatic compounds derived from the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels.

Preorganized tridentate analogues of mixed hydroxyoxime/carboxylate nickel extractants.

A series of 22 tridentate unsaturated mono-anionic ligands having the atom-sequence Y-C[double bond, length as m-dash]C-N=CH-C=C-Z(-1), with Y = N, O, or S and Z = O or S, has been studied to establish whether this backbone could be used to develop strong solvent extractants for nickel(II) which will preferably also show a high selectivity over iron(III) in the pH-dependent process: 2LH(org) + NiSO4 ⇌ [(L)2Ni]org + H2SO4. All are capable of forming octahedral [(L)2Ni] complexes with a mer-arrangement of the YNZ(-1) donor set. X-ray crystal structures of three salicylaldimine proligands derived from 3-bromo-5-t-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde show these to have pre-organised donor sets in which the three donors are held in an approximately orthogonal arrangement by intramolecular hydrogen bonds.

Contributions of inner and outer coordination sphere bonding in determining the strength of substituted phenolic pyrazoles as copper extractants.

Alkyl-substituted phenolic pyrazoles such as 4-methyl-2-[5-(n-octyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenol (L2H) are shown to function as Cu-extractants, having similar strength and selectivity over Fe(iii) to 5-nonylsalicylaldoxime which is a component of the commercially used ACORGA® solvent extraction reagents. Substitution in the phenol ring of the new extractants has a major effect on their strength, e.g.

Surface waters as a sink and source of atmospheric gas phase ethanol.

This study reports the first ethanol concentrations in fresh and estuarine waters and greatly expands the current data set for coastal ocean waters. Concentrations for 153 individual measurements of 11 freshwater sites ranged from 5 to 598 nM. Concentrations obtained for one estuarine transect ranged from 56 to 77 nM and levels in five coastal ocean depth profiles ranged from 81 to 334 nM.

Determination of ambient ethanol concentrations in aqueous environmental matrixes by two independent analyses.

A new method for the determination of ethanol in aqueous environmental matrixes at nanomolar concentrations is presented and compared to an existing method that has been optimized for low-level alcohol determinations. The new analysis is based upon oxidation of ethanol by the enzyme alcohol oxidase obtained from the yeast Hansenula sp. which quantitatively produces acetaldehyde after reaction for 120 min at 40 °C and pH 9.

Investigation of the PSF-choice method for reduced lipid contamination in prostate MR spectroscopic imaging.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate a previously proposed approach that aims to improve the point spread function (PSF) of MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to avoid corruption by lipid signal arising from neighboring voxels. Retrospective spatial filtering can be used to alter the PSF; however, this either reduces spatial resolution or requires extending the acquisition in k-space at the cost of increased imaging time. Alternatively, the method evaluated here, PSF-choice, can modify the PSF localization to reduce the contamination from adjacent lipids by conforming the signal response more closely to the desired MRSI voxel grid.

Idiopathic internal carotid artery aneurysm rupture in an infant: a case report.

We report a case of idiopathic rupture of an internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm in an infant, a finding that we believe has not been previously reported in the literature. The more common causes of isolated injury to the ICA are deep neck space infections and penetrating intraoral trauma. Pseudoaneurysms of the artery are well known to result in delayed hemorrhage.

A 31-year-old Army specialist presenting with acute oligoarthritis.

A 31-year-old Army specialist was evaluated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center for an acute attack of arthritis in the left hand. After an initial evaluation, the patient was referred to the rheumatology service, and gout was diagnosed on the basis of synovial fluid analysis. This case demonstrates an uncommon presentation of a common disorder in an active duty soldier.

Antiphospholipid syndrome in a 21-year-old with Klinefelter syndrome.

We describe a patient with Klinefelter syndrome presenting with recurrent arterial thromboses secondary to the antiphospholipid syndrome. Previous case reports noted association of Klinefelter syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus including some cases with antiphospholipid syndrome. Clinicians should consider autoimmune processes, including the antiphospholipid syndrome, when patients with Klinefelter syndrome present with recurrent thrombosis or additional features of a systemic autoimmune disorder.

Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill imaging of prostate cancer: quantitative T2 values for cancer discrimination.

Quantitative, apparent T(2) values of suspected prostate cancer and healthy peripheral zone tissue in men with prostate cancer were measured using a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) imaging sequence in order to assess the cancer discrimination potential of tissue T(2) values. The CPMG imaging sequence was used to image the prostates of 18 men with biopsy-proven prostate cancer. Whole gland coverage with nominal voxel volumes of 0.