Cardiovascular risk in the elderly population of Spain. The EPICARDIAN risk score.

Background And Objectives: Cardiovascular risk estimation in people over 70 years of age is problematic. Most scores have been created based on cohorts of middle-aged people, with an underrepresentation of older adults. The predictive power of classical cardiovascular risk factors declines with age.

Sustained-release isosorbide mononitrate as adjuvant treatment in isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly.

Hypertension is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. In the elderly, the most common form is isolated systolic hypertension, a consequence of the increase in arterial stiffness. None of the antihypertensives currently used affects arterial stiffness, whereas nitrates seem to have an effect.

[Pharmacological treatment in uncertainty times: Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine use in the COVID-19 treatment].

Background And Objectives: In this moments, of extreme gravity in which we find ourselves, and in the uncertainty face about the most effective treatment against COVID-19 disease and with the aim of find the evidence that support the chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine use recommendation to treat COVID-19 disease, a systematic review of published studies and RCT studies publishes until April 28, 2020 was carried out.

Material And Methods: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed with the keywords COVID-19 and their synonyms and hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine. The data selection and extraction was elaborated by two researchers, independently.

Correction: Inflammation biomarkers in blood as mortality predictors in community-acquired pneumonia admitted patients: Importance of comparison with neutrophil count percentage or neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

[Prevalence of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection in an emergency department and the characteristics of newly diagnosed patients].

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected by routine testing of patients seeking care in an emergency department and to describe the characteristics associated with new HIV-infection diagnosis.

Material And Methods: Walk-in patients between the ages of 15 and 75 years who required a blood test were included. Routine fourth-generation enzyme-linked immunoassays were performed to detect HIV infection in all samples extracted.

Inflammation biomarkers in blood as mortality predictors in community-acquired pneumonia admitted patients: Importance of comparison with neutrophil count percentage or neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.

Introduction: The increase and persistence of inflammation in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients can lead to higher mortality. Biomarkers capable of measuring this inadequate inflammatory response are likely candidates to be related with a bad outcome. We investigated the association between concentrations of several inflammatory markers and mortality of CAP patients.

[ESTIMATE OF THE INTRINSIC ERROR OF THE MEASURING INSTRUMENT OF THE LABORATORY FOR ANALYTICAL DETERMINATIONS OF THE CRITICAL PATIENT].

Decrease blood loss associated with the analytical laboratory is a determinant of safety and quality in the preanalytical phase, in order to achieve an optimal level of care, where nurses have leading role to be responsible for the care of the critically ill patient.

The incidence of cardiovascular events after hospitalization due to CAP and their association with different inflammatory markers.

Background: Late prognosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) patients is related to cardiovascular events. Persistence of inflammation-related markers, defined by high circulatory levels of interleukin 6 and 10 (IL-6/IL-10), is associated with a higher post-event mortality rate for CAP patients. However, association between these markers and other components of the immune response, and the risk of cardiovascular events, has not been adequately explored.

Nutritional screening; control of clinical undernutrition with analytical parameters.

Objective: To update the system for nutritional screening. The high prevalence of nutritional unstability that causes the Clinical Undernutrition (CU), especially within the hospitals and assisted residencies, makes it necessary to use screening tools for the constant control of undernutrition to combat it during its development. CU is not so much due to a nutritional deficiency but to the illness and its treatments.

Effect of oral nitrates on pulse pressure and arterial elasticity in patients aged over 65 years with refractory isolated systolic hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Isolated systolic hypertension is a highly prevalent disease among the elderly. The little available evidence on the efficacy of nitrates for treating the disease is based on small experimental studies.

Methods/design: We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase III, placebo-controlled trial in 154 patients aged over 65 years with refractory isolated systolic hypertension.

Comparison between microcomputed tomography and cone-beam computed tomography radiologic bone to assess atrophic posterior maxilla density and microarchitecture.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between bone density obtained by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and morphometric parameters of bone analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μ-CT).

Material And Methods: An overall of 32 subjects ≤8 mm of bone height were included in the study. One site per patient was randomly selected to obtain bone core.

A cluster-randomised clinical trial comparing two cardiovascular health education strategies in a child population: the Savinghearts project.

Background: This paper describes a methodology for comparing the effects of an eduentertainment strategy involving a music concert, and a participatory class experience involving the description and making of a healthy breakfast, as educational vehicles for delivering obesity-preventing/cardiovascular health messages to children aged 7-8 years.

Methods/design: This study will involve a cluster-randomised trial with blinded assessment. The study subjects will be children aged 7-8 years of both sexes attending public primary schools in the Madrid Region.

[Do we adequately prescribe antiplatelet treatment to type 2 diabetic patients?].

Objective: To estimate how many type 2 diabetic patients receive antiplatelet therapy according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines on primary and secondary prevention.

Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on information in medical records. A random sample of 170 type 2 diabetics seen in an urban Health Centre was studied.

Efficacy of a strategy for implementing a guideline for the control of cardiovascular risk in a primary healthcare setting: the SIRVA2 study a controlled, blinded community intervention trial randomised by clusters.

Unlabelled: This work describes the methodology used to assess a strategy for implementing clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for cardiovascular risk control in a health area of Madrid.

Background: The results on clinical practice of introducing CPGs have been little studied in Spain. The strategy used to implement a CPG is known to influence its final use.

Impact of comprehensive and intensive treatment of risk factors concerning cardiovascular mortality in secondary prevention: MIRVAS Study.

Introduction And Objectives: The aim was to determine whether secondary prevention involving the comprehensive and intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors reduces cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality at 3-year follow up.

Methods: The study design comprised a randomized, controlled, open trial in a routine clinical practice setting. In total, 247 patients who presented with acute coronary syndrome or stroke were selected.

Conditions that do not reach the threshold for mental disorder in Spanish psychiatric outpatients: prevalence, treatment and management.

Background: In recent years there has been controversy around the treatment demands of people who, without meeting diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder, have certain symptoms and are referred to mental health professionals.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of individuals assessed by mental health service, referred from primary care, who do not meet the diagnosis criteria of mental disorders according to ICD-10. To analyze the medical treatment given to these individuals, measured by the indication for discharge or follow-up and by the pharmacological intervention decided in the first interview, as well as the associated variables.

Ten-year fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction incidence in elderly populations in Spain: the EPICARDIAN cohort study.

Background: In Spain, more than 85% of coronary heart disease deaths occur in adults older than 65 years. However, coronary heart disease incidence and mortality in the Spanish elderly have been poorly described. The aim of this study is to estimate the ten-year incidence and mortality rates of myocardial infarction in a population-based large cohort of Spanish elders.

[Validation of questionnaires].

The development of a questionnaire or a measuring instrument is a laborious and complex process and requires verification of its usefulness before implementation. We present a methodological work on the psychometric characteristics of assessment instruments and analysis of their main features, reliability and validity.

Nutritional state during COPD exacerbation: clinical and prognostic implications.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients hospitalized for exacerbation and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic influence on the exacerbation.

Subjects/methods: The subjects were 78 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe COPD who were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of exacerbation. Nutritional status was assessed by means of body mass index (BMI), bioelectric impedance analysis and levels of plasmatic albumin.

[Responsiveness of outcome measures].

In medical research, particularly in the field of rheumatology, there is great interest about the concept of responsiveness of outcome measures as a sign of changes in the patient's health status. However, the terminology sorrounding this concept and the methods of analysis are confusing and lacking in consensus. We present a review about the concept and analysis of responsiveness taking into account both, the characteristics of the responsiveness and the type of design and predictable change in the sample being studied.

[Ten-year incidence of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction in the elderly population of Madrid].

Introduction And Objectives: To determine the incidence of and mortality due to myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in the elderly population of Madrid, Spain.

Methods: The study involved a population-based cohort of 1297 individuals aged over 64 years without cardiovascular disease who were recruited in 1995. All cases of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction recorded up until December 2004 were investigated and classified using WHO-MONICA (World Health Organization-Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) criteria.