Methodology for the Detection of Contaminated Training Datasets for Machine Learning-Based Network Intrusion-Detection Systems.

With the significant increase in cyber-attacks and attempts to gain unauthorised access to systems and information, Network Intrusion-Detection Systems (NIDSs) have become essential detection tools. Anomaly-based systems use machine learning techniques to distinguish between normal and anomalous traffic. They do this by using training datasets that have been previously gathered and labelled, allowing them to learn to detect anomalies in future data.

Qualitative public health research published in Colombian biomedical journals between 2011 and 2021.

Introduction: Qualitative research seeks to understand the meaning and perspective of individuals and investigates considering the context. This paradigm allows the interpretation and study of phenomena from their own complexity. In public health, qualitative research has gained ground, as it allows the study of subjective aspects of the health-disease process.

Dermatosis más frecuentes en pacientes con trasplante renal.

Objective: To determine the most frequent dermatoses in patients with kidney transplant in the dermatology consultation, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, in Mexico City, in the period from March 2016 to March 2020.

Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study that included 153 patients with a complete medical history with prior informed consent and authorization from the hospital ethics committee.

Results: All patients presented one or more dermatoses.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis disturbance and its association with insulin resistance in kidney transplant recipients.

Objective: To evaluate hypothalamic-pi- tuitary-gonadal (HPG) axis alterations at 1 and 12 months after kidney transplan- tation (KT) and their association with in- sulin resistance.

Methods: A retrospective clinical study was conducted in a tertiary care center in kidney transplantation recipients (KTRs) aged 18- 50 years with primary kidney disease and stable renal graft function. LH, FSH, E2/T, and HOMA-IR were assessed at 1 and 12 months after KT.

[Transplant patient and kidney graft survival in a retrospective cohort in Mexico].

Background: Knowledge of the functionality of the graft and patient survival is essential to assess the success of kidney transplantation.

Objective: To determine the survival of transplanted patients by type of donor and the functionality of kidney grafts in a cohort in Mexico.

Material And Methods: Kidney transplant cohort from 2013 to 2017 in Mexico.

Kidney graft functionality 1 year after kidney transplantation.

Objective: To determine the evolution, associated factors and the outcomes of transplanted people one year after the evolution of a cohort in Mexico.

Method: Kidney transplant cohort from 2013 to 2017 in Mexico. 1118 patients were analyzed.

Instrumental Techniques to Classify Olive Oils according to Their Quality.

This review includes an update of the publications on quality classification of olive oils into extra, virgin or lampante olive oil categories. Nowadays, the official method to carry out this classification is time-consuming and, sometimes, it is not systematic and/or objective. It is based on conventional physicochemical analysis and on a sensorial tasting of olive oils carried out by a panel of experts.

Biochemical Characteristics of Bone Mineral Metabolism before and throughout the First Year after Kidney Transplantation, Persistent Hyperparathyroidism, and Risk Factors in a Latin Population.

Bone mineral metabolism disease, which included persistent hyperparathyroidism, is common after successful kidney transplantation (KT) and is related with negative outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. There is a lack of information about bone mineral metabolism, persistent hyperparathyroidism, and its risk factors in Latin kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). : A retrospective study was conducted in 74 patients aged 18-50 years with evolution of 12 months after KT and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 ml/min; biochemical data of bone mineral metabolism before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of KT were registered.

Analytical methods for the determination of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge samples. A review.

Emerging contaminants are a heterogeneous group of chemicals that includes daily personal care products and pharmaceuticals (PPCPs), flame retardants, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and nanoparticles (NPs). The present work is an overview focused in the research published in the scientific literature for the determination of this type of pollutants in sewage sludge samples in the last 5 years. Instrumental and sample preparation methods for the detection and quantification of the analytes of interest are reviewed, with an emphasis on the sample treatment techniques.

Determination of Three Main Chlorogenic Acids in Water Extracts of Coffee Leaves by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to an Electrochemical Detector.

Coffee is a beverage widely consumed in the world. The coffee species most commercialized worldwide are Arabica ( and Robusta (. Roasted coffee beans are the most used, but coffee leaves are also consumed as infusion in several countries for traditional medicinal purposes.

Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Natural Water and Wastewater Samples: A Review.

This review is devoted to analytical methods published in the scientific literature in the last 10 years for the determination of emerging contaminants in aquatic media. The article is mainly focused on sample preparation and on instrumental techniques most used for the detection and quantification of the analytes of interest. The sample preparation techniques include classical liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, but also recent microextraction techniques such as solid-phase microextraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, or microextraction by packed sorbent.

Determination of quinolone residues in raw cow milk. Application of polar stir-bars and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Seventeen quinolone antibiotics were determined in cows' milk. A method of high sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy was developed. Accuracy (trueness and precision), linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, decision limit and detection capability were established following the recommendations of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline.

Determination of bisphenols with estrogenic activity in plastic packaged baby food samples using solid-liquid extraction and clean-up with dispersive sorbents followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

Bisphenols (BPs) are a family of chemicals with known endocrine disrupting activity. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most representative prototype of this group of chemicals. Recently, the use of BPA, a prototype of endocrine disruptors, has been reduced and replaced with structural analogs due to its negative effects on both the environment and consumers.

Liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection for the determination of ethoxyquin and its dimer in pear skin and salmon samples.

Ethoxyquin (EQ) is widely used as a synthetic antioxidant in animal feed, an antiscalding agent in apples and pears and as a color preservative in some spices. Since the presence of EQ in food products could cause negative health effects it is necessary to develop reliable analytical methods to evaluate the risk of human exposure. In this work, a sensitive, selective and accurate method based on solid-liquid extraction followed by clean-up with solid sorbent and liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection analysis with boron doped diamond electrode (LC-EC) for the determination of ethoxyquin and its dimer (EQDM) in pear skin and salmon samples, was developed.

Electrochemical Detectors in Liquid Chromatography: Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis.

Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to an electrochemical (EC) detector is a complementary analytical tool compared to LC coupled with optical or mass spectrometry detectors (LC-MS). LC-EC can be applied to the determination of molecules difficult to be analyzed by other commercially available detectors. New EC detector design and new working electrode material have extended the scope of application in the field of pharmaceutical compounds analysis.

[Dynamics and interactions between the university community and public health 2.0].

Objectives: To explore the experiences of a group of participants in a university community with the web in general and with digital contents on public health, to describe their motivations and to understand how social networks influence their interaction with content on public health.

Methodology: Qualitative research. Deep semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the phenomenon.

Sorption, degradation and transport phenomena of alcohol ethoxysulfates in agricultural soils. Laboratory studies.

In the present work, laboratory studies were conducted in order to determine and model the sorption, degradation and transport processes of alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES), one of the most important groups of anionic surfactants. Adsorption/desorption isotherms were obtained for several structurally related AES ethoxymers (homologue AES-CE with n = 0-10 ethoxymer units and homologue AES-CE with n = 0-7 ethoxymer units) using a batch equilibrium method. Data were fitted to a linear and a Freundlich isotherm models.

Biomonitoring of 21 endocrine disrupting chemicals in human hair samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Rapid industrial growth has increased human exposure to a large variety of chemicals with adverse health effects. These industrial chemicals are usually present in the environment, foods, beverages, clothes and personal care products. Among these compounds, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have raised concern over the last years.

Phosphorus removal from UASB reactor effluent by reactive media filtration.

The phosphorus (P) and BOD7 removal performance of an upflow packed bed reactor (PBR) filled with two reactive filter media was studied over 50 weeks. The lower one-fifth of the reactor was filled with calcium-silicate-hydrate (Sorbulite®) and the upper four-fifth with calcium-silicate (Polonite®). A laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) delivered wastewater to the PBR.

Sequential UASB and dual media packed-bed reactors for domestic wastewater treatment - experiment and simulation.

A wastewater treatment system composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a packed-bed reactor (PBR) filled with Sorbulite(®) and Polonite(®) filter material was tested in a laboratory bench-scale experiment. The system was operated for 50 weeks and achieved very efficient total phosphorus (P) removal (99%), 7-day biochemical oxygen demand removal (99%) and pathogenic bacteria reduction (99%). However, total nitrogen was only moderately reduced in the system (40%).

Specific Antigens by Federal Entity in Patients at the Transplant Unit of Specialities Hospital, National Medical Center Twenty-First Century, Mexico.

Background: The study of the kidney transplant involves understanding the immunologic basis, such as histocompatibility and the genetic basis of a population. In Mexico, the study of the genetic basis has led to a genetic map by federal entities.

Methods: We performed an HLA study with 1,276 kidney transplant patients (recipients and donors) in the Hospital of the National Medical Center Twenty-First Century, determining HLA class I (A, B, and Cw) and class II (DRβ1 and DQβ1) antigens with the use of SSOP-PCR.

Polar stir bars for isolation and preconcentration of perfluoroalkyl substances from human milk samples prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Background: A new method for the determination of four perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (from C5 to C8) and perfluorooctane sulfonate in human milk samples using stir-bar sorptive extraction-ultra-HPLC-MS/MS has been accurately optimized and validated.

Methodology: Polydimethylsiloxane and polyethyleneglycol modified silicone materials were evaluated.

Discussion: Overall, polyethyleneglycol led to a better sensitivity.

Validated method for the determination of perfluorinated compounds in placental tissue samples based on a simple extraction procedure followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

Xenobiotic exposure during pregnancy is inevitable. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), chemicals described as environmental contaminants by Public Health Authorities due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, is a challenge. In the present work, a method based on a simplified sample treatment involving freeze-drying, solvent extraction and dispersive clean-up of the extracts using C18 sorbents followed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis was developed and validated for the determination of five perfluorinated carboxylic acids (C4-C8) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in placental tissue samples.

Improved sample treatment for the determination of fructooligosaccharides in milk related products by liquid chromatography with electrochemical and refractive index detection.

A simple and reliable method for the determination of the fructooligosaccharides (FOS) kestose (GF2), nystose (GF3), fructofuranosylnystose (GF4), in the presence of fructose, glucose and lactose in dairy products is proposed. The most relevant advantages of the proposed method are the simultaneous determination of the most common FOS in enriched products and a reduction of the time required for sample treatment since the method consists merely in addition of a precipitation solution for the removal of lipids and proteins. Furthermore, the method saves a substantial amount of reagents compared with other methods and sample manipulation is reduced.