Association between alterations in sleep spindles and cognitive decline in persons with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Sleep macro and microstructural features have a relevant role for cognition. Although alterations in sleep macrostructure have been reported in persons with neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), it is unknown whether there is a relationship between alterations in microstructure (sleep spindles) and global cognitive deficits in this disease.

Objective: To explore the association between the macro and microstructure of sleep (sleep spindles) and the general cognitive state in persons with PD.

Assessment of visuospatial functions in post-Covid 19 patients: Beyond the traditional paradigm.

Several studies indicate that some cognitive changes occur after COVID-19. Visuospatial alterations have been reported in 24-40 %. These alterations may be useful as early biomarkers of neurodegenerative disease.

Presymptomatic Testing for Huntington's Disease in Mexico: 28 Years of Experience.

Introduction: Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder with dominant inheritance. Our center in Mexico City has offered presymptomatic testing (PT) since 1995.

Objective: To describe the main clinical and demographic characteristics of at-risk HD individuals who applied to the PT program, the reasons for seeking it, and the molecular results.

Teleneuropsychology intervention in phonological awareness for children with specific learning disorder with reading and mathematical difficulties.

Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 5-15% of school-aged children worldwide. Often, difficulties in reading (SLD-RD) and mathematics (SLD-MD) occur together. Deficits in phonological awareness (PA) have been identified as the common factor between the two difficulties.

Neuropsychological performance and disease burden in individuals at risk of developing Huntington disease.

Introduction: Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Thanks to predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase.

Objective: To compare performance in cognitive tasks of carriers (HDC) and non-carriers (non-HDC) of the huntingtin gene and to analyse the variability in performance as a function of disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage (age of symptom onset).

SARS-CoV-2's brain impact: revealing cortical and cerebellar differences via cluster analysis in COVID-19 recovered patients.

Background: COVID-19 is a disease known for its neurological involvement. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers neuroinflammation, which could significantly contribute to the development of long-term neurological symptoms and structural alterations in the gray matter. However, the existence of a consistent pattern of cerebral atrophy remains uncertain.

Relationship between , , and Genetic Variants and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of neuropsychiatric or behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). BPSD have been associated with the allele, which is also the major genetic AD risk factor. Although the involvement of some circadian genes and orexin receptors in sleep and behavioral disorders has been studied in some psychiatric pathologies, including AD, there are no studies considering gene-gene interactions.

Quality of life and mental health in multiple sclerosis patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on mental health symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in the general population due to necessary public health restrictions such as social distancing. The psychosocial effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups such as people living with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) has been scarcely explored in countries with additional socioeconomical burdens such as access to healthcare disparities METHODS: A questionnaire exploring sociodemographic variables, quality of life, mental health determinants and sleep quality was applied to 92 PwMS to explore changes prior and during the pandemic regarding these domains RESULTS: 58.8% of the subjects were female, median age was 37.

Multi-site, multi-country randomized clinical trial of an acute traumatic brain injury caregiver transition assistance program in Latin America.

Background: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Latin America experience high levels of disability and extremely poor functional outcomes, and their informal caregivers play a key role in their rehabilitation and care.

Objective: To improve TBI rehabilitation through stronger informal caregiving, this study developed and evaluated an evidence-based and culturally appropriate Transition Assistance Program (TAP) for informal caregivers of individuals with TBI in Latin America, specifically targeting the time period before and after the transition from hospital to home.

Methods: A sample of 89 people with a new TBI and their primary informal caregiver (n = 178) was recruited from two hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico, and in Cali, Colombia.

Attentional impairment in Parkinson's disease is modulated by side of onset: Neurophysiological evidence.

Objective: Neurophysiological studies exploring involuntary attention have reported that electroencephalographic (EEG) measures can indicate impaired neural processing from initial stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since involuntary attention is regulated by right hemisphere networks and PD generally initiates its motor symptomatology unilaterally, whether involuntary attention is impaired depending on the onset side of PD remains unknown.

Methods: We compared the neurophysiological correlates of involuntary attention among a PD group with left-side onset (L-PD), a PD group with right-side onset (R-PD) symptomatology, and a healthy control group (HC).

Attitudes about involvement in hypothetical clinical trial protocols in Mexican and Mexican-American at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The enrollment into clinical trials of persons at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) in whom the onset of disease can be accurately predicted facilitates the interpretation of outcomes (e.g., biomarkers, treatment efficacy).

Psychological discomfort in carriers and non-carriers of the Huntington disease mutation and its relationship with disease burden.

Introduction: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative and hereditary disorder. Due to the predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase. Several studies have reported an increase in psychiatric symptoms in carriers of the HD gene without motor symptoms.

Cognitive impairment in the co-occurrence of alcohol dependence and major depression: neuropsychological assessment and event-related potentials analyses.

To evaluate the putative detrimental effect of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on the cognitive impairment associated with Alcohol Dependence (AD), we contrasted the neuropsychological profile and behavioral responses of AD subjects, MDD individuals, and in those with a co-occurring AD-MDD diagnosis (DD). Patients and healthy subjects completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and were recorded for P200, P300, and N450 event-related potentials during memory and Stroop tasks. AD subjects exhibited a generalized detrimental neuropsychological performance; in contrast, in MDD individuals, impairment was limited to discrete domains.

Neurocognitive function in adult residents of a mining district in Mexico after reducing manganese exposure: Follow-up after 11 years.

Background: Little is known about the neurotoxic effects of chronic exposure to airborne Mn once exposure has been reduced. The environmentally exposed and the reference adult populations evaluated in 2002 were followed, after an environmental management program (EMP) was implemented to reduce the exposure in a mining district in Mexico.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the association between exposure to Mn and neurocognitive performance in environmentally exposed and reference groups of adults before and after EMP implementation.

Impact of COMT, PRODH and DISC1 Genetic Variants on Cognitive Performance of Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background: Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SCZ) is a core feature, relevant for the disease prognosis and functional capacity of the patients. It has also been identified as an endophenotype and proposed as a genetic mechanism of risk for schizophrenia.

Aim Of The Study: We aimed to evaluate the association of genetic variants in COMT, PRODH, and DISC1 with the cognitive performance of Mexican-Mestizo adult patients with SCZ in order to identify endophenotypes.

Anosognosia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Related to Diminished Hippocampal Volume Comparable to Alzheimer's Disease Dementia: Preliminary MRI Findings.

Although the presence of anosognosia in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) may be predictive of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known about its neural correlates in AD and aMCI. Four different groups were compared using volumetric and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging metrics in regions of interest (hippocampus and cingulum cortex gray matter, cingulum bundle white matter): aMCI subjects with anosognosia ( = 6), aMCI subjects without anosognosia ( = 12), AD subjects with anosognosia ( = 6), and AD subjects without anosognosia ( = 9). aMCI subjects with anosognosia displayed a significantly lower gray matter density (GMD) in the bilateral hippocampus than aMCI subjects without anosognosia, which was accounted for by bilateral hippocampal differences.

Neuropsychological performance and disease burden in individuals at risk of developing Huntington disease.

Introduction: Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Thanks to predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase.

Objective: To compare performance in cognitive tasks of carriers (HDC) and non-carriers (non-HDC) of the huntingtin gene and to analyse the variability in performance as a function of disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage (age of symptom onset).

Working Memory Impairment as an Endophenotypic Marker in Patients with Schizophrenia: Failures in Encoding or Maintenance?

Introduction: Although working memory (WM) dysfunction has been proposed as a schizophrenia (SZ) endophenotype, the specific impaired component (encoding or maintenance) in patients and unaffected relatives remains inconclusive. We compared auditory-verbal and visuospatial WM in patients with SZ, unaffected siblings (USs), and healthy controls under 2 response conditions: immediate (encoding condition) and delayed (maintenance condition).

Methods: We included 22 participants per group, similar in age and gender.

Reaction time and response inhibition in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Subtle deficits in several cognitive domains characterize the neuropsychological profile of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Assessment of preclinical individuals with genes causing autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) provides a model for prodromal disease. We sought to sensitively evaluate attention and working memory using a computerized battery in non-demented persons carrying ADAD mutations.

A Multi-Site Study of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mexico and Colombia: Longitudinal Mediational and Cross-Lagged Models of Family Dynamics, Coping, and Health-Related Quality of Life.

Latin America has high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet reduced mental and physical health outcomes due to limited rehabilitation services. To understand the psychosocial adjustment process in TBI patients in Latin America, the incorporation of cultural values including family-based variables is imperative. The current study examined relations among healthy family dynamics, coping, and mental and physical health related quality of life (HRQL) among a sample of TBI patients across three sites and two countries over the first 4 months post-injury.

Relationship Satisfaction and Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of Patients and Caregivers in Mexico and Colombia.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury represents a major public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like in Latin America. Family members are often caregivers for individuals with traumatic brain injury, which can result in significant stress. Research is needed to examine depression and quality of the caregiving relationship in these dyads.

Auditory mismatch detection, distraction, and attentional reorientation (MMN-P3a-RON) in neurological and psychiatric disorders: A review.

Involuntary attention allows for the detection and processing of novel and potentially relevant stimuli that lie outside of cognitive focus. These processes comprise change detection in sensory contexts, automatic orientation toward this change, and the selection of adaptive responses, including reorientation to the original goal in cases when the detected change is not relevant for task demands. These processes have been studied using the Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique and have been associated to the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), the P3a, and the Reorienting Negativity (RON) electrophysiological components, respectively.

Theory of mind impairment in Huntington's disease patients and their relatives.

Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by movement disorders, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Relatives of HD patients experience a great burden as the latter suffer from altered social conduct and deterioration of interpersonal relationships. Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states (to oneself and others).