In vitro versus in situ evaluation of xylan hydrolysis into xylo-oligosaccharides in broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract.

Xylan hydrolysis into xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) was evaluated both in the gizzard and ileum of broiler chickens, and by a 2-step in vitro digestion assay that simulated the pH, temperature and time period of the gastric and small intestine (SI) phases. Twelve dietary treatments with varying soluble and insoluble xylan levels, either with or without supplemental xylanase, were fed to broiler chickens (n = 576) for the in situ analysis, and were exposed to the in vitro assay. Relatedness of the two methods was strong for determination of XOS production in all dietary treatments for X, X, X, X and X respectively, in both the gastric (r = 0.

Patient engagement in clinical guidelines development: input from > 1000 members of the Canadian Osteoporosis Patient Network.

Unlabelled: Patient engagement in clinical guidelines development is essential. The results of a self-administered online survey identified themes important to people living with osteoporosis and will inform the development of Osteoporosis Canada clinical guidelines recommendations.

Introduction: Patient engagement is essential in the development of high-quality and relevant guidelines for osteoporosis management.

Nanostructured Systems Improve the Antimicrobial Potential of the Essential Oil from Leaves.

The physicochemical characteristics of nanostructured suspensions are important prerequisites for the success of new drug development. This work aimed to develop nanometric systems containing leaf essential oil and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves and analyzed by GC-MS.

The direct and indirect effects of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine on carriage rates in children aged younger than 5 years in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review.

Objective: To demonstrate the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage status in children younger than 5 years in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out on the direct and indirect effects of pneumococcal vaccine in the carriage status, after implementation in childhood immunization programs. Studies carried out in children younger than 5 years were selected from the PubMed® and Virtual Health Library databases, and data collected after implementation of pneumococcal vaccine in Latin America and the Caribbean, between 2008 and 2018.

Coupling microwave photons to a mechanical resonator using quantum interference.

The field of optomechanics has emerged as leading platform for achieving quantum control of macroscopic mechanical objects. Implementations of microwave optomechanics to date have coupled microwave photons to mechanical resonators using a moving capacitance. While simple and effective, the capacitive scheme suffers from limitations on the maximum achievable coupling strength.

Endometrial cancer: Preoperative versus intraoperative staging.

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative staging of endometrial cancer in comparison to frozen section (FS) for the assessment of myometrial invasion, considering permanent section as the gold standard.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study of all endometrial carcinomas diagnosed in our institution between March 2012 and October 2018 was conducted. Women with histologically confirmed endometrial malignancy, planned for surgery as primary treatment and submitted either to TVS, MRI and/or intraoperative FS followed by comprehensive surgical staging were eligible.

IL-6 and IL-8 as Prognostic Factors in Peritoneal Fluid of Ovarian Cancer.

The objectives of the study were to analyze the dosage of a cytokine panel (IL2, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, and TNF-α) in the peritoneal fluid and relate the dosage of these cytokines to prognostic para- meters and survival in ovarian cancer. Peritoneal fluid was collected intraopera- tively from 29 patients with primary malignant ovarian neoplasia. Cytokine panel dosing was performed with ELISA.

NEW IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE EFFECTIVENESS AGAINST HEPATITIS B IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION PATIENTS.

Background: Although liver transplantation is considered to be a high-risk procedure, it is well-established as a treatment option for the cure and quality of life enhancement for individuals who suffer from diseases. Preventing an infection by hepatitis B virus through immunization schedules has been the most effective way to reduce complications, since it decreases the number of people who suffer from chronic hepatitis caused by the hepatitis B virus and eradicates its transmission.

Objective: 1.

Effect of Abutment Screw Design and Crown/Implant Ratio on Preload Maintenance of Single-Crown Screw-Retained Implant-Supported Prostheses.

Purpose: New solutions need to be developed for cases in which implants that were placed years ago are now presenting prosthetic complications. A conical head screw design for a single-tooth abutment was developed to preserve the initial applied torque. The aim of this study was to assess the preload maintenance of different screw design sets (a conical head screw set and a flat head screw set) for single-tooth abutments in external hexagon implants, verifying whether reverse torque changes after mechanical loading at different crown/implant ratios and to understand if the use of the tested conical head screw set design can help clinicians solve loosening torque.

Phacoemulsification Combined With Endoscopic Versus Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation in Poorly Controlled Glaucoma: A Comparative Case Series.

Objective: The objective of this study was to report medium-term outcomes of a novel combination of phacoemulsification with transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (phaco-TCP) compared with combined phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (phaco-ECP) in patients with uncontrolled or suboptimally controlled glaucoma and coexisting cataract.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective case series of 80 consecutive patients with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. In total, 46 eyes underwent phaco-ECP and 34 phaco-TCP.

Dealing with Patent Fragmentation in Genetics: Can Patent Pools Facilitate the Development of CRISPR Gene-Editing Technology?

The discovery of CRISPR systems has been one of the most exciting developments in the field of genetics in the past decade. The recent proliferation of intellectual property rights for CRISPR genome editing technology carries the risk of potential bottlenecks for further basic biological research and development of commercial products. To make CRISPR-based technology widely available, the reliance by the industry on efficient methods of collective management of intellectual property rights through patent pools seems inevitable.

Intrathecal liposomal cytarabine plus systemic therapy versus systemic chemotherapy alone for newly diagnosed leptomeningeal metastasis from breast cancer.

Background: DEPOSEIN (NCT01645839) was a randomized open-label phase III study to explore the role of intrathecal chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), a common manifestation of breast cancer.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed LM defined by tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid or combination of clinical and neuroimaging signs of LM were randomized to receive systemic therapy alone (control group) or systemic therapy plus intrathecal liposomal cytarabine (experimental group). Progression-free survival related to LM (LM-PFS) was the primary endpoint.

Perigestational high folic acid: impact on offspring's peripheral metabolic response.

Offspring of dams exposed to excess folic acid during the perigestational period have been shown by us to be predisposed to metabolic dysfunction revealed by hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, increased insulin and decreased adiponectin in late adulthood. This work aims to characterize adipocyte phenotype and expression profile of genes in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in visceral adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle. From mating until weaning, a recommended dose of folic acid for pregnancy (C, 2 mg of folic acid per kg of diet) or a high folic acid dose (HFA, 40 mg of folic acid per kg of diet) was administered to Sprague-Dawley females.

Partial replacement of pork fat by Echium oil in reduced sodium bologna sausages: technological, nutritional and stability implications.

Background: The present research aimed to evaluate the nutritional, technological, microstructural and sensory characteristics of bologna sausages made with pork fat replaced with Echium oil. Three different treatments were processed, all of them with approximately 35% less sodium than a regular bologna-type sausage: Control (only pork backfat addition) and T25 and T50 (replacement of 25 and 50% of the added animal fat with Echium oil respectively).

Results: Proximate composition, texture profile analysis, fatty acid profile and microstructure were evaluated to characterize the products.

Feedback on research results to healthcare professionals in the context of HIV.

Objective: Reporting the feedback on the results of a multicenter research for healthcare professionals that attend people living with HIV and AIDS in a Specialized Healthcare Center at Belém, state of Pará, Brazil.

Method: Case report of the presentation and interpretation of research results, in 2015, totaling 25 participating professionals. The visual resource used was a data projector.

Spatial analysis on tuberculosis and the network of primary health care.

Objective: to analyze the spatial distribution of new cases of tuberculosis compared to the location of the Primary Healthcare Units that performed the compulsory notification.

Method: ecological study conducted in Belém, Pará, with 5,294 new cases of tuberculosis notified to Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação for the period from 2010 to 2014. The cases were georeferenced using the software applications ArcGis 10.

The impact of the diagnosis of tuberculosis through its social representations.

Objective: To identify people's way of acting after the diagnosis of tuberculosis, through their social representations about the disease.

Method: Qualitative and descriptive study based on the Theory of Social Representations, in which 23 patients of a school health center in Belém, PA, Brazil, participated. The software ALCESTE was used to generate a class concerning the impact of the diagnosis in people's lives.

Production of xylanases by . TC-DT13 in solid state fermentation using bran wheat.

Xylanases have gained increasing importance due to their diverse applications in the food, paper, and pharmaceutical industries, however, the production of these enzymes currently uses expensive substrates. It has already been estimated that more than 30% of the enzyme production cost originates from the substrate. The present study aimed to optimize the production of extracellular xylanases by the sp.

Understanding salt reduction in fat-reduced hot dog sausages: Network structure, emulsion stability and consumer acceptance.

High sodium and fat contents are cause of concerns for industries and consumers of meat products. Direct reduction of NaCl and fat is a useful strategy to understand how these ingredients interfere with the quality parameters of an emulsified meat product and how to reduce them without significant changes from the original product. The aim of this work was to understand salt reduction in fat-reduced (10 g fat/100 g product) hot dog sausages.

Practical tips for prescribing exercise for fall prevention.

Clinical Relevance: There is strong evidence from meta-analyses that exercise as a single intervention can reduce the number and risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults, yet not all types of exercise are equal.

Observations: Programs that include 3 h a week of exercise and provide a high challenge to balance can reduce falls by almost 40%. Reactive and volitional stepping interventions have also been shown to reduce falls by about 50%.

Role of AIP56 disulphide bond and its reduction by cytosolic redox systems for efficient intoxication.

Apoptosis-inducing protein of 56 kDa (AIP56) is a major virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, a gram-negative pathogen that infects warm water fish species worldwide and causes serious economic losses in aquacultures. AIP56 is a single-chain AB toxin composed by two domains connected by an unstructured linker peptide flanked by two cysteine residues that form a disulphide bond.

Sodium reduction in enrobed restructured chicken nuggets through replacement of NaCl with CaCl.

The present study aimed to reformulate chicken nuggets with reduced sodium content, replacing the NaCl with CaCl and assessing the physicochemical and sensory properties of the obtained products. Four treatments of chicken nuggets were processed: Control formulation (1.5 g NaCl/100 g) and three treatments containing CaCl substituting 25, 50 and 75% of the NaCl, considering an ionic strength equivalent to 1.

Determining known-group validity and test-retest reliability in the PEQ (personalized exercise questionnaire).

Background: To determine the known-group validity, a type of construct validity, and the test-retest reliability of a newly developed tool, the Personalized Exercise Questionnaire (PEQ), that assesses the barriers, facilitators, and preferences to exercise in individuals with low bone mass and osteoporosis.

Methods: A comparative design was used to assess known-group validity and a test-retest design to examine the reproducibility. Ninety-five participants with low bone mass and osteoporosis were recruited from an outpatient clinic in Hamilton, Ontario.

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial.

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD.

Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group).

Effect of chrysin on changes in intestinal environment and microbiome induced by fructose-feeding in rats.

Intake of fructose-containing sugars is epidemiological and experimentally linked to metabolic syndrome (MS). We recently verified that the dietary polyphenol chrysin was able to abolish some of the metabolic changes induced by fructose-feeding in the rat. Because the role of the intestine upon fructose-induced MS is poorly understood, we decided to investigate the influence of fructose, in vivo, on the intestinal environment and the ability of chrysin to interfere with the putative observed changes.