Maxillary First Molars with 2 Distobuccal Canals: A Case Series.

An appreciation of the anatomic complexity of the root canal system is essential at every step of endodontic treatment. Endodontic treatment of teeth with unusual root canal anatomy presents a unique challenge. Eight patients underwent nonsurgical root canal treatment of 3-rooted maxillary first molars in a specialty endodontic private practice.

Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Propolis Associated with Calcium Hydroxide against Single- and Multispecies Biofilms: An In Vitro and In Situ Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and ethanolic propolis extract (EPE) incorporated into a calcium hydroxide paste (Ca[OH]) to kill bacterial biofilms.

Methods: Human root canal dentin was infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days and also intraorally for 48 hours followed by incubation in brain-heart infusion for 48 hours to standardize biofilm growth. Ca(OH) pastes associated or not with CNPs or EPE were tested on biofilms for 7 and 14 days.

Influence of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on the Removal of Root Canal Filling Material in Straight Root Canals.

Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing root canal filling material from endodontically treated teeth after using one of two reciprocating systems, Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) or WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), or one nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary system, ProTaper Universal Retreatment (Dentsply Maillefer).

Methods: One hundred and twenty straight root canals of extracted human maxillary incisors were instrumented and then obturated. The specimens were divided into six groups (n=20) as follows: Group R, Reciproc R25 instrument without PUI; Group W, WaveOne Primary instrument without PUI; Group PT, ProTaper Universal Retreatment system without PUI; Group R-PUI, Reciproc R25 with PUI; Group W-PUI, WaveOne Primary with PUI and Group PT-PUI, ProTaper Universal Retreatment system with PUI.

Preparation of Oval-shaped Canals with TRUShape and Reciproc Systems: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study Using Contralateral Premolars.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping properties of TRUShape and Reciproc systems during preparation of oval-shaped canals from contralateral teeth by using micro-computed tomography scanning.

Methods: Thirteen pairs of freshly extracted contralateral mandibular premolars with a single oval-shaped canal were selected and divided into 2 groups according to the root canal instrumentation technique, TRUShape and Reciproc. The final apical size of instrumentation was 40/.

Comparative Analysis of Dentinal Erosion after Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation versus Irrigation with Reciprocating Activation: An Environmental Scanning Electron Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess ex vivo the erosive effects of passive ultrasonic irrigation versus irrigation with reciprocating activation on the dentinal surface of the root canal at 3 predetermined levels using environmental scanning electron microscopy.

Methods: Ten roots of mandibular premolars were prepared using the ProTaper Universal system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The specimens were embedded in flasks cleaved longitudinally, and indentations were made 3.

Efficacy of ProTaper NEXT Compared with Reciproc in Removing Obturation Material from Severely Curved Root Canals: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the remaining root canal obturation, volume of dentin removed, and apical transportation after retreatment of severely curved root canals by using Reciproc (REC) or ProTaper NEXT (PTN) systems.

Methods: Twenty-eight mesial canals of mandibular molars were instrumented and then obturated with gutta-percha and sealer and allocated into 2 balanced groups (n = 14), the REC group (R25 file) and the PTN group (X3 and X2 files). Micro-computed tomography analysis was performed to assess the percentage of residual obturation material, the amount of dentin removed, and apical transportation.

Investigation of the Efficacy of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Versus Irrigation with Reciprocating Activation: An Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.

Introduction: The objective of this ex vivo study was to compare the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) versus a new activation system using reciprocating motion (EasyClean [EC]; Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) to remove debris from the root canal walls at 6 predetermined apical levels using environmental scanning electron microscopy.

Methods: Mesiobuccal root canals of 10 mandibular molars were prepared with a 30/.05 final instrument.

Assessing the Impact of Voice-Over Screen-Captured Presentations Delivered Online on Dental Students' Learning.

The traditional lecturing method is still one of the most common forms of delivering content to students in dental education, but innovative learning technologies have the potential to improve the effectiveness and quality of teaching dental students. What challenges instructors is the extent to which these learning tools have a direct impact on student learning outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a voice-over screen-captured learning tool by identifying a positive, nil, or negative impact on student learning as well as student engagement (affective, behavioral, and cognitive) when compared to the traditional face-to-face lecture.

The impact of endodontic irrigating solutions on the push-out shear bond strength of glass fiber posts luted with resin cements.

Resin-based restorative materials, widely used to cement posts, may be influenced by irrigants used during endodontic chemical-mechanical preparation. This study evaluated the impact of endodontic irrigating solutions and adhesive cement systems on the push-out shear bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin. Ninety-six bovine incisors were divided into 12 groups (4 irrigants × 3 resin cements; n = 8).

Evaluation of the Efficacy of TRUShape and Reciproc File Systems in the Removal of Root Filling Material: An Ex Vivo Micro-Computed Tomographic Study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of TRUShape (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) compared with the Reciproc file (VDW, Munich, Germany) in the removal of filling material from oval canals filled with 2 different sealers and differences in the working time.

Methods: Sixty-four mandibular canines with oval canals were prepared and divided into 4 groups (n = 16). Half of the specimens were filled with gutta-percha and pulp canal sealer (PCS), and the remainders were filled with gutta-percha and bioceramic sealer (BCS).

IS GUTTACORE MORE EASILY REMOVED FROM THE ROOT CANAL THAN THERMAFIL? AN EX-VIVO STUDY.

GuttaCore is a new cross-linked gutta-percha carrier. Its handling time and ease of removal were compared with those of a plastic carrier (Thermafil) and the continuous wave of condensation technique (control). Forty-five maxillary central incisors were randomly divided 3 groups according to filling technique and retreatment was carried out in all samples with NiTi rotary files, hand files and ultrasonic inserts.

Changes in mandibular incisor position and arch form resulting from Invisalign correction of the crowded dentition treated nonextraction.

Objective: To investigate changes in mandibular incisor position resulting from Invisalign correction of the crowded dentition without extraction.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed on 61 adult White patients. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the value of pretreatment crowding of the lower dentition: 20 mild (2.

Comparison of the Incidence of Postoperative Pain after Using 2 Reciprocating Systems and a Continuous Rotary System: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to clinically compare the incidence of postoperative pain and the intake of analgesic medication (frequency and quantity) after endodontic treatment of posterior teeth using 2 reciprocating systems and a continuous rotary system.

Methods: In a prospective randomized clinical study, 210 patients with vital teeth indicated for conventional endodontic treatment were treated by 5 specialists according to a pre-established protocol. The teeth were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (n = 70) according to the instrumentation system used: ProTaper Next (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Johnson City, TN), WaveOne (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), or Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany).

Glide Path Management with Single- and Multiple-instrument Rotary Systems in Curved Canals: A Micro-Computed Tomographic Study.

Introduction: Securing a reproducible glide path before instrumentation is recommended to maintain the original geometry of the root canal system and to prevent file separation. Mechanical glide path management systems have been introduced to expedite this step. The aim of this study was to compare apical transportation, canal volume increase, and working time during glide path management with ProGlider (PG; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) and PathFiles (PF, Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties).

Antibacterial Potential of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite in Distinct Irrigation Protocols on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation methods on antibacterial potential of 2.5% NaOCl on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

Materials And Methods: Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were prepared during 60 days on 48 human root canals and randomized into control and experimental groups using positive and negative pressure irrigation.

Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Hard Tissue Debris Removal after Different Irrigation Methods and Its Influence on the Filling of Curved Canals.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and the EndoVac (EV) System (Discus Dental, Culver City, CA) in hard tissue debris removal and its influence on the quality of the root canal filling with the aid of micro-computed tomographic scanner.

Methods: Twenty-four mandibular molars were subjected to 4 microtomographic scannings (ie, before and after instrumentation, after final irrigation, and after obturation) using the SkyScan 1176 X-ray microtomograph (Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium) at a resolution of 17.42 μm.

Efficiency and effectiveness evaluation of three glass fiber post removal techniques using dental structure wear assessment method.

Aim: This study evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of three glass fiber post removal techniques.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five extracted maxillary teeth were endodontically treated and cross-sectioned in thirds. Presence of cementing agent and dental structure wear were assessed by analyzing images taken before luting of glass fiber post and after removal procedure.

Unilateral fusion of a supernumerary tooth to a maxillary permanent lateral incisor: a report of a rare case.

A supernumerary tooth is an additional entity to the normal series of teeth that may occur in isolation or may be fused to a normal counterpart. Diagnosis and delineation of an accurate treatment plan in cases involving supernumerary teeth are often a challenge. This report describes a case of unilateral fusion of a supernumerary tooth to a maxillary permanent lateral incisor in which a conservative approach was used to reach a favorable outcome.

Assessment of smear layer removal protocols in curved root canals.

This study sought to assess if the final rinse protocol interferes with the smear layer removal in the apical area of curved canals. Sixty-four extracted human mandibular molars with curved mesial roots were instrumented with rotary files and divided into six experimental groups for final rinse: 1EDTA (syringe irrigation with 1 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ), 5EDTA (syringe irrigation with 5 mL of 17% EDTA), 1EDTA-P (syringe irrigation with 1 mL of 17% EDTA + pumping with gutta-percha point), 5EDTA-P (syringe irrigation with 5 mL of 17% EDTA + pumping with gutta-percha point), 1EDTA-EA (syringe irrigation with 1 mL of 17% EDTA + EndoActivator) and 5EDTA-EA (syringe irrigation with 5 mL of 17% EDTA + EndoActivator). Final rinsing was carried out over 3 min.

Assessment of the separation incidence of reciprocating WaveOne files: a prospective clinical study.

Introduction: Despite metallurgical advancements in the nickel-titanium file manufacturing process, file separation remains a concern. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to assess the separation incidence of the reciprocating WaveOne file (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) when used to prepare root canals of posterior teeth.

Methods: File separation incidence was assessed over an 18-month period in which 4 experienced and calibrated endodontists performed conventional endodontic treatment on posterior teeth using the WaveOne file system.

Influence of single-file endodontics on apical transportation in curved root canals: an ex vivo micro-computed tomographic study.

Introduction: More information regarding the ability of single files to maintain the original canal position is required before adopting a single-file approach to cleaning and shaping. This study compares apical transportation in curved root canals when instrumenting with a single WaveOne (WO) file (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) in a reciprocating motion with that incurred when using a sequence of Twisted Files (TFs; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) in a continuous rotating motion.

Methods: Forty mesial canals of mandibular molars were evenly allocated into 2 balanced groups (n = 20) with a 17-mm average canal length and 20° average curvature.

Efficacy of 2 reciprocating systems compared with a rotary retreatment system for gutta-percha removal.

Introduction: The maximum removal of root canal filling material is essential for successful endodontic retreatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of 2 reciprocating systems (Reciproc [VDW, Munich, Germany] and WaveOne [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland]) compared with a nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary system (ProTaper Universal Retreatment [Dentsply Maillefer]) in the removal of root canal filling material.

Methods: Sixty root canals of extracted human maxillary incisors were prepared using the NiTi ProTaper rotary system with the complementary use of a #40 K-type file and then obturated.

Lack of correlation between tubular dentine cement penetration, adhesiveness and leakage in roots filled with gutta percha and an endodontic cement based on epoxy amine resin.

Objective: To analyze possible correlations among tubular dentine cement penetration, adhesiveness and apical leakage in fillings performed with gutta percha and an endodontic cement based on epoxy amine resin.

Material And Methods: Sixty similar, extracted human mandibular central incisors were irrigated, instrumented and filled following the same protocol. First, apical leakage was quantified by fluid filtration tests.

Lack of correlation between obturation limits and apical leakage.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate a possible correlation between obturation limits and leakage. Thirty-six extracted human mandibular incisors were used, characterized by straight and single canals, non-anatomical complexities, absence of previous endodontic treatment, complete root formation and patent foramen. For standardization of the specimens for the leakage analysis, foraminal instrumentation was performed up to a Flexofile #25 (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland).

Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) combined with distilled water, chlorhexidine, and doxycycline.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Bio) combined with different mixing agents (distilled water, chlorhexidine, doxycycline), used as an apical root-end filling material. Forty-two extracted human teeth were divided into three groups (n = 12); six teeth were used as controls. Root-ends were resected at 90 degrees, 3 mm from the apex.