Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder in a Patient With Toluene Leukoencephalopathy.

Objective: Inhalant users may develop toluene leukoencephalopathy, a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder. We present a case of toluene-induced damage to the corticospinal and the corticonuclear tracts, which presented with involuntary emotional expression disorder.

Methods: Case study of a 20-year-old man with a 3-year history of frequent solvent abuse was admitted to the Neuropsychiatry Unit of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery because "he could not speak or walk" but would keep "laughing and crying without reason".

Prevalence and Impact of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Latin America: a Prospective, Observational Study.

Approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The TRAL study will evaluate the prevalence and impact of TRD among patients with MDD in four Latin American countries. In this multicenter, prospective, observational study, patients with MDD were recruited from 33 reference sites in Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina.

Differences in quality of life between genders in acromegaly.

Objective: To study the impact of secondary mental disorders in patients affected with acromegaly and correlate them with quality of life (QoL) and disease status.

Design: An observational transversal descriptive and comparative study that evaluates QoL's impact due to secondary mental disorders in affected Mexicans with acromegaly using AcroQoL and SF-36 instruments. Correlation of the results with the disease's biochemical status was performed.

Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder in a Patient With Toluene Leukoencephalopathy.

Objective: Inhalant users may develop toluene leukoencephalopathy, a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder. We present a case of toluene-induced damage to the corticospinal and the corticonuclear tracts, which presented with involuntary emotional expression disorder.

Methods: Case study of a 20-year-old man with a 3-year history of frequent solvent abuse was admitted to the Neuropsychiatry Unit of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery because "he could not speak or walk" but would keep "laughing and crying without reason".

[Hospitalization trends of neuropsychiatric disorders in a middle-income country].

Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders represent one of the first causes of disability worldwide. Recognizing the main causes for hospitalization may allow the implementation of interventions to prevent hospitalization and promote ambulatory care.

Objective: To describe the trends of mental disorders requiring hospitalization in a neuropsychiatric referral center of a middle-income country.

Deep-brain stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical and molecular neuroimaging correlation.

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is defined by the presence of obsessions and compulsions that cause marked anxiety or distress and has been associated with a disruption in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry. After treatment, around 50% of patients continue to experience incapacitating symptoms. Deep-brain stimulation has been shown to be an effective therapeutic alternative to regular treatment.

Dopaminergic Hyperactivity in Neurological Patients with Delirium.

Background: Delirium has important etiological, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. The study of neurochemical markers in this condition is relevant to the understanding of its pathophysiology. The assessment of the dopamine system is particularly relevant, as dopamine antagonists are the most used drugs in delirium.

Catatonia in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.

Aim: There is a lack of studies related to the frequency, phenomenology, and associated features of catatonic syndrome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE). This study aimed to measure the frequency of catatonia in this condition and to delineate its particular symptoms.

Methods: A prospective study was done with all inpatients who fulfilled the criteria of definite ANMDARE admitted to the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico from January 2014 to September 2018.

Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: a New Advocate.

Current alternatives for the treatment of major depressive disorder lack efficacy and have a delayed onset of action. Recently, the glutamatergic neurotransmission system has been noted to play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Ever since the first report of the antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, ketamine, research has been redirected to novel therapeutic targets.

Valproate-induced Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Presenting as Catatonia.

Hyperammonemic encephalopathy secondary to the use of valproate is rare without evidence of hepatotoxicity, and it usually presents with confusion, agitation, irritability, cognitive disturbances, lethargy, coma, and death. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman presenting with catatonia as a manifestation of hyperammonemic encephalopathy that resolved with the normalization of ammonia and suspension of valproate.

Non-inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid delays the diagnosis and start of immunotherapy in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of autoimmune encephalopathy that presents with a wide variety of symptoms, including neuropsychiatric manifestations. The authors' aim for this study was to analyze the results of paraclinical studies of patients with a diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the association between symptom onset and diagnosis, and start of immunotherapy. Retrospective data of 29 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were gathered and analyzed.

Neuropsychiatry: Towards a Philosophy of Praxis.

Neuropsychiatry is a specialized clinical, academic and scientific discipline with its field located in the borderland territory between neurology and psychiatry. In this article, we approach the theoretical definition of neuropsychiatry, and in order to address the practical aspects of the discipline, we describe the profile of a neuropsychiatric liaison service in the setting of a large hospital for neurological diseases in a middle-income country. An audit of consecutive in-patients requiring neuropsychiatric assessment at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico is reported, comprising a total of 1212 patients.