Bothrops moojeni snake venom induces an inflammatory response in preadipocytes: Insights into a new aspect of envenomation.

Bothrops envenomation is a public health problem in Brazil. Despite the advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of systemic and local effects induced by Bothrops venom, the target tissues to this venom are not completely characterised. As preadipocytes are important cells of the adipose tissue and synthesize inflammatory mediators, we investigated the ability of B.

Inflammatory Effects of Phospholipases A: Mechanisms Involved in Biosynthesis of Lipid Mediators and Lipid Accumulation.

Phospholipases As (PLAs) constitute one of the major protein groups present in the venoms of viperid and crotalid snakes. Snake venom PLAs (svPLAs) exhibit a remarkable functional diversity, as they have been described to induce a myriad of toxic effects. Local inflammation is an important characteristic of snakebite envenomation inflicted by viperid and crotalid species and diverse svPLAs have been studied for their proinflammatory properties.

Inflammatory mediators in the pronociceptive effects induced by Bothrops leucurus snake venom: The role of biogenic amines, nitric oxide, and eicosanoids.

Bothrops leucurus is the major causative agent of venomous snakebites in Northeastern Brazil. Severe pain is the most frequent symptom in these envenomings, with an important inflammatory component. This work characterized the pronociceptive effects evoked by B.

A Representative GIIA Phospholipase A Activates Preadipocytes to Produce Inflammatory Mediators Implicated in Obesity Development.

Adipose tissue secretes proinflammatory mediators which promote systemic and adipose tissue inflammation seen in obesity. Group IIA (GIIA)-secreted phospholipase A (sPLA) enzymes are found to be elevated in plasma and adipose tissue from obese patients and are active during inflammation, generating proinflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E (PGE). PGE exerts anti-lipolytic actions and increases triacylglycerol levels in adipose tissue.

Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on the local experimental envenoming by Bothrops leucurus snake.

Bothrops leucurus is the major causative agent of snakebites in Brazil's Northeast. The systemic effects of its venom are effectively neutralized by antivenom therapy, preventing bitten patients' death. However, antivenom fails in neutralizing local effects that include intense pain, edema, bleeding, and myonecrosis.