Ornamental fish mortality reveals an old parasite introduction: A case study of Koi carp and fish louse.

Koi carp are globally known for their colors and cultural significance. The introduction of these fish to new environments poses a threat to local biodiversity, in addition to releasing parasites, such as argulid ectoparasites. This study presents a record of Argulus japonicus infecting carp in an artificial lake in Southern Brazil using morphological and molecular methods, with a 100% prevalence (n = 3) and a mean intensity of 21.

Genetically engineered eucalyptus expressing pesticidal proteins from for insect resistance: a risk assessment evaluation perspective.

Eucalyptus covers approximately 7.5 million hectares in Brazil and serves as the primary woody species cultivated for commercial purposes. However, native insects and invasive pests pose a significant threat to eucalyptus trees, resulting in substantial economic losses and reduced forest productivity.

Five-years post commercial approval monitoring of eucalyptus H421.

Eucalyptus comprises the largest planted area of cultivated production forest in Brazil. Genetic modification of eucalyptus can provide additional characteristics for increasing productivity, protecting plant yield, and potentially altering fiber for various industrial uses. With this objective, a transgenic eucalyptus variety, event H421, received regulatory approval for commercial release after 6 years of approved risk assessment studies by the Brazilian National Technical Biosafety Commission (CTNBio) in 2015, becoming the first approved genetically modified (GM) eucalyptus in the world.

Safety Assessment of the CP4 EPSPS and NPTII Proteins in Eucalyptus.

Glyphosate herbicide treatment is essential to sustainable Eucalyptus plantation management in Brazil. Eucalyptus is highly sensitive to glyphosate, and Suzano/FuturaGene has genetically modified eucalyptus to tolerate glyphosate, with the aim of both protecting eucalyptus trees from glyphosate application damage and improving weed management. This study presents the biosafety results of the glyphosate-tolerant eucalyptus event 751K032, which expresses the selection marker neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) enzyme and CP4-EPSPS, a glyphosate-tolerant variant of plant 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase enzyme.

Identification and molecular characterization of digenean trematode parasites of Aylacostoma chloroticum (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) from a Neotropical Basin.

Thiarids are pantropical gastropods distributed from South America to Australia and found in lentic and lotic freshwater environments. These gastropods act as intermediate hosts for several species of digeneans. There are difficulties in the correct identification of these digeneans in certain stages of the life cycle as the larvae have a reduced size and few morphological characteristics for diagnosis.

The first record of Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in southern Brazil supported by molecular data.

Centrocestus formosanus is a digenean parasite first described from Asia, which parasitizes Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) at the first intermediate stage, and different fish species as second intermediate host. C. formosanus was previously recorded in Brazilian states, but never before in the southern region of this country.

Molecular evidence of new freshwater turtle blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in the intermediate snail host Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981 in an urban aquatic ecosystem in Brazil.

In this study, two potentially new species of turtle blood flukes (TBFs) (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) have been recorded from South Brazil. The spirorchiid parasites infect the vascular system of turtles, thereby compromising their health. The life cycle of these parasites is not well studied.

Cysts and larvae of Strongyluris: A parasite of amphibians and reptiles found in an urban population of Lissachatina fulica (Férussac, 1821) in southern Brazil.

We report the finding of cysts and larvae of Strongyluris in specimens of L. fulica from an urban area of the municipality of Maringá in northern Paraná State, southern Brazil. Thirty-seven young adult snails were collected at three sites: 15 in riparian forest; 14 in a vegetable garden; and eight in a residential garden.

Integrated Stress Responses to Bacterial Pathogenesis Patterns.

Activation of an appropriate innate immune response to bacterial infection is critical to limit microbial spread and generate cytokines and chemokines to instruct appropriate adaptive immune responses. Recognition of bacteria or bacterial products by pattern recognition molecules is crucial to initiate this response. However, it is increasingly clear that the context in which this recognition occurs can dictate the quality of the response and determine the outcome of an infection.

Topological congruence between phylogenies of Anacanthorus spp. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes (Actinopterygii) hosts: A case of host-parasite cospeciation.

Cophylogenetic studies aim at testing specific hypotheses to understand the nature of coevolving associations between sets of organisms, such as host and parasites. Monogeneans and their hosts provide and interesting platform for these studies due to their high host specificity. In this context, the objective of the present study was to establish whether the relationship between Anacanthorus spp.

Parasitism by larval tapeworms genus Spirometra in South American amphibians and reptiles: new records from Brazil and Uruguay, and a review of current knowledge in the region.

Spargana are plerocercoid larvae of cestode tapeworms of the genus Spirometra, Family Diphyllobothriidae, parasitic to frogs, reptiles, birds and mammals. This parasitic disease in humans can be transmitted through the use and consumption of amphibians and reptiles. The available knowledge about Spirometra in South America is scarce, and there are only a few reports on the occurrence of sparganum in amphibians and reptiles, many of them published in old papers not easily available to researchers.

Rust disease of eucalypts, caused by Puccinia psidii, did not originate via host jump from guava in Brazil.

The rust fungus, Puccinia psidii, is a devastating pathogen of introduced eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) in Brazil where it was first observed in 1912. This pathogen is hypothesized to be endemic to South and Central America and to have first infected eucalypts via a host jump from native guava (Psidium guajava).

Glyphosate reduces urediniospore development and Puccinia psidii disease severity on Eucalyptus grandis.

Background: Recent studies have shown the effects of glyphosate drift on decreasing rust intensity on Eucalyptus grandis plants. However, the effects of the herbicide on Puccinia psidii initial development are unknown. In this study the systemic action of glyphosate on rust severity was evaluated on Eucalyptus plants maintained under greenhouse conditions.