Immune checkpoint blockade effect on immunologic and virologic profile of five cancer patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have changed the prognostic outlook for several malignancies. Despite the unprecedented durable responses and improvement in survival outcomes with ICIs, exclusion of oncology patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from most ICI-related trials has limited utility of these agents. Clinical outcomes related to concomitant use of antiretroviral therapy and ICI remain unclear.

Entorhinal cortex glutamatergic and GABAergic projections bidirectionally control discrimination and generalization of hippocampal representations.

Discrimination and generalization are crucial brain-wide functions for memory and object recognition that utilize pattern separation and completion computations. Circuit mechanisms supporting these operations remain enigmatic. We show lateral entorhinal cortex glutamatergic (LEC ) and GABAergic (LEC ) projections are essential for object recognition memory.

Atezolizumab-associated myositis in a patient with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: Combination treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab is the preferred first-line treatment for patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma with a Child-Pugh Class A liver function. Reactivation of the antitumor immune response with atezolizumab can result in the development of immune-related adverse events including colitis, skin rash, endocrinopathies, pneumonitis, and nephritis with renal dysfunction. However, the occurrence of myositis with immune checkpoint inhibitors is rare.

Retrospective study on the efficacy and tolerability of dose modification of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in hospital-system community outpatient cancer clinics.

Background: Anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 and anti-PD-L1 medications inhibit the PD-1 and PD-L1 interaction and have been shown to be effective in treating several forms of advanced cancers. Since the approval of these agents, standard dosing protocols have been utilized. However, a small population of patients in the community setting has received dose-modified PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors secondary to a lack of tolerability.