Initiating Analysis.

Psychoanalysis is defined in this paper as a process that initiates in the analyst's mind with the framing of the patient's material in terms of and . Once the analyst is able to do this, a first level of transformation of experience is effectuated that then must be through interpretation to the patient of what is occurring in their mind as it is lived out in the experience with the analyst. For this author, Bion's model of container-contained complements Freud's transference and resistance model; it also offers an example to his thesis that only within a clear model of mind and a corresponding theory of therapeutic action can the psychoanalyst define for themselves and for their patients a way of knowing that they are doing analysis.

Living the Non-Dream: An Examination of the Links Between Dreaming, Enactment, and Transformations in hallucinosis.

Bion developed a clinical theory of therapeutic action that asks the analyst to interact with and catalyze the patient's ability to dream an emotionally real experience of himself. The intersubjective engagement that, at every moment, underpins the analytic experience generates moments of enactment that are necessary for the bringing to light and transformation of unrepresented states at the center of the patient's problems. Decades of Bionian scholarship and practice around the concept of transformation in hallucinosis, and newer work on dreaming and non-dreaming states by Cassorla, can allow us to see the connective tissue between enactment and deeper layers of the mind involved in the capacity to think, dream, and be fully human.

Unlaid Ghosts: A Discussion Of Maria Grazia Oldoini's .

Maria Grazia Oldoini's paper, "Abusive Relations and Traumatic Development: Marginal Notes on A Clinical Case," is a comprehensive treatise on the effects of trauma on the ability to form a sense of Self where the patients's entire experience in the world is not unduly oriented towards the satisfaction of the other's abusive and impinging needs. She postulates the search for a transformational object as the tragic core factor driving the repetitive traumatic enactments characteristic of people like her patient Greta. The author locates this search in the repetition of what she calls a "traumatic holding environment," which I find to be an intriguing, but problematic, idea.

Preventing violence and reinforcing human security: a rights-based framework for top-down and bottom-up action.

This article explores the violence reduction potential in the intersection between health, criminal justice, and development. It emphasizes public health, rule of law, and equality-driven socioeconomic development as principal concerns in preventing violence. In parts of Latin America, violence has become a serious public health and security problem.