Femoral shaft fracture with a third fragment treated with an intramedullary nail: Is the displacement of the third fragment predictive of nonunion?

Purpose: Femoral shaft fractures with third fragments are difficult to reduce anatomically, affecting bone healing chances. The goal of this study is to determine the impact of the third fragment's radiological characteristics assessed on post-operative radiographs, as well as other factors, on the healing of type 32B femur shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 93 patients treated for femoral shaft fractures type 32 B.

Computerized surgical navigation resection of pelvic region simulated bone tumors using skin fiducial marker registration: an in vitro cadaveric study.

Introduction: Computerized surgical navigation system guidance can improve bone tumor surgical resection accuracy. This study compared the 10-mm planned resection margin agreement between simulated pelvic-region bone tumors (SPBT) resected using either skin fiducial markers or Kirschner (K)-wires inserted directly into osseous landmarks with navigational system registration under direct observation. We hypothesized that skin fiducial markers would display similar resection margin accuracy.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacies of commercial probiotics and disinfectant against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and luminescent vibriosis in Litopenaeus vannamei.

The bioactivities of two commercially available probiotics and one chemical disinfectant were tested against strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) and V. harveyi. This study aimed to determine shrimp pathogenic Vibrios' in vitro and in vivo sensitivities to commercial probiotics and a chemical disinfectant.

The Use of a Robotic Arm for Fixation of Pelvic Fractures.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate unplanned cortical or neuroforaminal violation of iliosacral and transsacral screw placement using fluoroscopy versus screw placement using a robotic arm.

Design: This is a prospective cohort study.

Setting: Single surgeon, single North American level 1 trauma center.

Early intramedullary nailing of bilateral femur fractures: who might benefit most?

Introduction: Identifying which patients can receive immediate intramedullary nailing (IMN) after bilateral femoral shaft fracture may improve health-related quality of life outcomes and decrease healthcare costs. This retrospective study evaluated the perioperative factors that guided emergency department transfer of patients to the operating room (OR) where IMN or temporizing external fixation (TEF) was performed, to the intensive care unit (ICU), or to the orthopedic ward. The hypothesis was that patients referred initially to the OR or to the ICU had more serious co-morbidities, complications, or orthopedic polytrauma, increasing the likelihood that they would benefit from "damage control orthopedics" and TEF use.

Intramedullary nailing of concurrent ipsilateral fractures of the tibia and femur: primary synchronous nailing versus staged osteosynthesis with temporizing external fixation.

Introduction: The optimal timing to definitive osteosynthesis in the polytraumatized patient remains an unanswered question. Early total care, damage control orthopaedics, and early appropriate care have been described to manage the fractures in these patients, but there is a paucity of literature specific to ipsilateral tibial and femoral fractures. We sought the perioperative outcomes of primary simultaneous intramedullary nailing (IMN) versus temporizing external fixation (EF) of both fractures.

Extended Anterior Approach for Proximal Femur Resection and Hip Reconstruction. Technique Description and Case Report of Three Oncologic Patients.

This retrospective case report describes an extended anterior surgical approach for treating oncologic patients with proximal femur resection and hip reconstruction. Three consecutive women (mean age: 57.3; range: 33 to 81 years) with non-Hodgkins lymphoma (one case) or breast cancer (two cases) that had metastasized to the proximal femur underwent this procedure.

Residency Selection Preferences and Orthopaedic Career Perceptions: A Notable Mismatch.

Background: Despite near-equal enrollment of males and females in medical schools, orthopaedic surgery continues to have one of the lowest percentage of female orthopaedic residents. This suggests there may be factors that specifically influence females to select other specialties. Some of these possible reasons have been explored in other studies; however, in this study, we sought to identify latent or unobserved variables that may be influencing this difference by conducting an explanatory factor analysis of male and female residency preferences.

Surgical Options and Approaches for Septic Arthritis of the Native Hip and Knee Joint.

Septic arthritis (SA) of the adult knee and hip is a constantly evolving and urgent surgical issue. The epidemiology has shifted over the last few decades as have the most popular antibiotics and surgical treatments. SA of all types is increasing in the United States.

Are Skin Fiducials Comparable to Bone Fiducials for Registration When Planning Navigation-assisted Musculoskeletal Tumor Resections in a Cadaveric Simulated Tumor Model?

Background: To improve and achieve adequate bony surgical margins, surgeons may consider computer-aided navigation a promising intraoperative tool, currently applied to a relatively few number of patients in whom freehand resections might be challenging. Placing fiducials (markers) in the bone, identifying specific anatomical landmarks, and registering patients for navigated resections are time consuming. To reduce the time both preoperatively and intraoperatively, skin fiducials may offer an efficient and alternative method of navigation registration.

Tibia fractures and NSAIDs. Does it make a difference? A multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare healing time for diaphyseal tibia fractures (OTA/AO 42 A, B, C) treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN) in one geographic cohort using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for post-operative pain control to that of another geographic cohort using opioid medications. The groups represent differing cultural approaches to post-operative pain control. We hypothesized there would be no difference in healing time.

Skin fiducial markers enable accurate computerized navigation resection of simulated soft tissue tumors: A static cadaveric model pilot study.

Background: This static cadaveric model pilot study evaluated the agreement between planned and resected margins of simulated soft tissue tumors (SSTT) using skin fiducial markers for computerized navigation registration.

Methods: Markers were applied before magnetic resonance imaging scans of lower extremities implanted with SSTT. A navigation pointer was used for registration and to guide SSTT resection with approximately 10 mm planned margins.

Comparison between suprapatellar and parapatellar approaches for intramedullary nailing of the tibia. Cadaveric study.

Unlabelled: Intramedullary nailing is one viable option for treating fractures of the tibia with a short, proximal segment. For a procedure being carried out with the knee in a semi-extended position, either a suprapatellar or parapatellar approach may be used. The objective of this study is to demonstrate whether the entry point for tibia nails is obtainable through suprapatellar or parapatellar approaches and to evaluate the most frequent injuries of the knee with these two approaches.

Limb Sparing Resection for Tumors Involving the Distal Humerus and Reconstruction with a Modular Endoprosthesis.

Tumors involving the distal humerus are extremely rare. Those tumors can be safely resected and then the extremity reconstructed. In this article, we present a series of patients treated with hinged semiconstrained modular distal humeral replacement for reconstruction following wide resection of tumors of the distal humerus.

The STAT pathway mediates late-phase immunity against Plasmodium in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

The STAT family of transcription factors activates expression of immune system genes in vertebrates. The ancestral STAT gene (AgSTAT-A) appears to have duplicated in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, giving rise to a second intronless STAT gene (AgSTAT-B), which we show regulates AgSTAT-A expression in adult females. AgSTAT-A participates in the transcriptional activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in response to bacterial and plasmodial infection.

Structural domains within the 3' untranslated region of Turnip crinkle virus.

The genomes of positive-strand RNA viruses undergo conformational shifts that complicate efforts to equate structures with function. We have initiated a detailed analysis of secondary and tertiary elements within the 3' end of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) that are required for viral accumulation in vivo. MPGAfold, a massively parallel genetic algorithm, suggested the presence of five hairpins (H4a, H4b, and previously identified hairpins H4, H5, and Pr) and one H-type pseudoknot (Psi(3)) within the 3'-terminal 194 nucleotides (nt).

Characterization of the human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) 3'UTR and differential expression of PIGR mRNA during colon tumorigenesis.

The human cell lines VACO-235 and VACO-411 constitute a novel in vitro model of colon adenoma to carcinoma progression. By differential display RT-PCR we identified a transcript that is expressed in the parental nontumorigenic adenoma line (VACO-235E), but is not expressed in the tumorigenic daughter (VACO-235L) or granddaughter (VACO-411) lines. This cDNA represents a previously uncharacterized portion of the 3'UTR of human PIGR.