Urinary Diversion Can Improve the Chance of Implementing New Therapeutic Lines in Patients with Malignant Ureteral Obstruction: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: Malignant ureteral obstruction is generally associated with a poor disease prognosis; therefore, managing these cases is challenging. We describe our experience in treating malignant ureteral obstruction with urinary diversion and the impact of these procedures on the indication for new antineoplastic therapy and survival.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with advanced cancer associated with malignant ureteral obstruction who underwent urinary diversion at three tertiary institutions between January 2013 and July 2022.

Role of Preservation Solution in Human Aneurysmatic Aorta Harvest and Transport: A Comparative Analysis of Different Solutions for Tissue Injury Protection.

Introduction: Human aortic tissues in vitro are tools to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, cell culture, and transplants. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the preservation of human aneurysmatic aortic tissues in three different solutions.

Methods: Six human abdominal aortic aneurysms were obtained from patients after surgical ablation.

Latin American Challenges and Recommendations for Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Polymerase Inhibitor Treatment in Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Expert Overview.

In Latin America, prostate cancer is the third most common cancer overall and the most common in men, with the highest mortality rate of all cancers. In 2022, there were approximately 22,985 new prostate cancer cases and 61,056 deaths from prostate cancer in the region. Patients with metastatic disease that is resistant to cure by castration now have multiple therapeutic options, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors.

Urinary mRNA-based biomarkers for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a mini-review.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common type of cancer of the urinary system. Approximately 75% of the cases are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which has a high recurrence and progression rate. Current diagnosis and surveillance methods present challenges, including risks to the patients.

Mesentery-Sparing Technique: a New Intracorporeal Approach for Urinary Diversion in Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy.

Background: Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present an alternative technique that preserves the complete mesenteric vascularization during the isolation of the intestinal segment used in ICUD, including distal vessels. This approach aims to minimize the risk of ischemia in both the ileal anastomosis and the isolated loop at the diversion site.

Investigating the Role of and Expression in Prostate Cancer Progression and Immune Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is an immunologically cold tumor and the molecular processes that underlie this behavior are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated a primary cohort of intermediate-risk PCa ( = 51) using two NanoString profiling panels designed to study cancer progression and immune response. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical risk.

Germline variants in early and late-onset Brazilian prostate cancer patients.

Background: The median age for Prostate Cancer (PCa) diagnosis is 66 years, but 10% are diagnosed before 55 years. Studies on early-onset PCa remain both limited and controversial. This investigation sought to identify and characterize germline variants within Brazilian PCa patients classified as either early or later onset disease.

Urinary miRNAs Predict Metastasis in Patients With Clinically Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Nephrectomy.

Purpose: Patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) might develop metastasis after surgery with curative intent. We aimed to characterize the expression levels of microRNAs in the urine (UmiRNAs) of patients before and after nephrectomy to determine the impact of UmiRNAs expression in the emergence of metastases.

Methods: We prospectively collected pre- and post-nephrectomy urine samples from 117 patients with clinically localized and locally advanced ccRCC.

Isolation and primary culture of human abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells from brain-dead donors: an experimental model for vascular diseases.

Primary cell cultures are essential tools for elucidating the physiopathological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, a primary culture growth protocol of cardiovascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) obtained from human abdominal aortas was standardized. Ten abdominal aorta samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with brain death who were organ and tissue donors with family consent.

Precision medicine for prostate cancer-improved outcome prediction for low-intermediate risk disease using a six-gene copy number alteration classifier.

A multiplex 6-gene copy number classifier was used to distinguish between low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients. The study analysed a cohort of 448 patients and previously published datasets from radical prostatectomies. The classifier performs better than conventional stratification methods, is low cost, and can be performed easily in clinical laboratories.

PD1.5 variant on gene, regulator of T lymphocyte activity, influences non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer risk.

Background: Since failure in recognition of abnormal cells by the immune system has an important role in bladder cancer development and progression, this study aimed to evaluate whether PD1 (c.627+252C>T) and PD1.5 (c.

"Non-metastatic, Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Treatment Recommendations by an Expert Panel from Brazil".

Introduction: Non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is an important clinical stage of prostate cancer, prior to morbidity and mortality from clinical metastases. In particular, the introduction of novel androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) has changed the therapeutic landscape in nmCRPC. Given recent developments in this field, we update our recommendations for the management of nmCRPC.

A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease.

Background: Although penile cancer (PC) is uncommon in developed countries, it is widespread in developing countries. The state of Maranhão (Northeast, Brazil) has the highest global incidence recorded for PC, and, despite its socioeconomic vulnerability, it has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to determine the histopathological features, the prevalence of HPV infection, and the immunohistochemical profile of PC in Maranhão.

Obesity influence on bladder inflammation and cancer: a cystitis model.

Background: Recently, the role of subclinical inflammation in obesity has gained prominence. An association between obesity and chronic inflammation has been observed in several studies that show a relationship between increased morbidity and high Body Mass Index (BMI). This study aims to compare inflammatory pathways in obese (by high-fat diet) and non-obese mice after exposure to an intravesical carcinogen in a cystitis model.

Immunotherapy in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Present or Future? Multi-Target Analysis of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression and Microsatellite Instability.

Background: Penile cancer (PC) is an extremely rare malignancy, and the patients at advanced stages have currently limited treatment options with disappointing results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are currently changing the treatment of several tumors. Furthermore, the microsatellite instability (MSI) and the deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR) proteins represent predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint therapy.

VI-RADS score system - A primer for urologists.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is also considered to be one of the most relapsing and aggressive neoplasms. About 30% of patients will present with muscle invasive disease, which is associated with a higher risk for metastatic disease. The aim of this article is to review the state of art imaging in Radiology, while providing a complete guide to urologists, with case examples, for the rationale of the development of the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS), a scoring system emphasizing a standardized approach to multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) acquisition, interpretation, and reporting for BCa.

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signaling and Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Emerging Biomarkers and Opportunities for Precision Therapeutics.

Prostate cancers may reactivate a latent embryonic program called the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the development of metastatic disease. Through EMT, tumors can develop a mesenchymal phenotype similar to cancer stem cell traits that contributes to metastasis and variation in therapeutic responses. Some of the recurrent somatic mutations of prostate cancer affect EMT driver genes and effector transcription factors that induce the chromatin- and androgen-dependent epigenetic alterations that characterize castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

The Role of Somatic Mutations on the Immune Response of the Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer.

Immunotherapy has improved patient survival in many types of cancer, but for prostate cancer, initial results with immunotherapy have been disappointing. Prostate cancer is considered an immunologically excluded or cold tumor, unable to generate an effective T-cell response against cancer cells. However, a small but significant percentage of patients do respond to immunotherapy, suggesting that some specific molecular subtypes of this tumor may have a better response to checkpoint inhibitors.

Consensus on Prostate Cancer Treatment of Localized Disease With Very Low, Low, and Intermediate Risk: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: A group of international urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on prostate cancer (PCa) in developing countries. The results are reviewed and summarized, and recommendations on consensus statements for very low-, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa focused on developing countries were developed.

Methods: A panel of experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 66 questions concern the principal areas of interest of this paper: very low, low, and intermediate risk of PCa in developing countries.

Discrepancy of p16 immunohistochemical expression and HPV RNA in penile cancer. A multiplex in situ hybridization/immunohistochemistry approach study.

Background: The high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection represents one of the main etiologic pathways of penile carcinogenesis in approximately 30-50 % of cases. Several techniques for the detection of HPV are currently available including Polymerase chain reaction-based techniques, DNA and RNA in situ hybridization (ISH), p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC). The multiplex HPV RNA ISH/p16 IHC is a novel technique for the simultaneous detection of HPV E6/E7 transcripts and p16INK4a overexpression on the same slide in a single assay.

Recommendations on robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy: a Brazilian experts' consensus.

Radical prostatectomy is a commonly adopted treatment for localized/locally advanced prostate cancer in men with a life expectancy of ten years or more. Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is comparable to open radical prostatectomy on cancer control and complication rates; however, new evidence suggests that RARP may have better functional outcomes, especially with respect to urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Some of the surgical steps of RARP are not adequately described in published literature and, as such, may have an impact on the final outcomes of the procedure.

Value of adding the apparent diffusion coefficient to capsular contact for the prediction of extracapsular extension in prostate cancer.

Objective: To determine whether evaluating the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) together with capsular contact (CC) adds value in the prediction of microscopic extracapsular extension (ECE) of prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2016, 383 patients underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate. A total of 67 patients were selected for inclusion.