Comorbidity rates of autism spectrum disorder and functional neurological disorders: A systematic review, meta-analysis of proportions and qualitative synthesis.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and functional neurological disorders (FND) are relatively common conditions, and there has been recent interest in the overlap between them. Both conditions share core features of alexithymia, impaired interoception and deficits in attentional focus. To date, relatively little is known about the comorbidity rates between ASD and FND.

Deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder should be an accepted therapy in Australia.

Deep brain stimulation has shown promise for the treatment of severe, treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. With the recent publication of the first Australian, randomised, sham-controlled trial of deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder, there are now four placebo-controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of this therapy. Together with recent data identifying a biological substrate of effective stimulation that can predict response and that has been successfully reproduced, studies comparing and finding equivalent efficacy among different targets, as well as recent, large, open trials supporting the long-term effectiveness of deep brain stimulation, we argue that this should now be considered an accepted therapy for a select group of patients in the Australasian setting.

Defining Atypical Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Anxiety is a major complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Many PD patients experience clinically significant anxiety not meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) anxiety disorder criteria. This atypical anxiety (anxiety disorder not otherwise specified [NOS]) is often under-recognized and its diagnosis is underdeveloped.

A randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of deep brain stimulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for severe, treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, nine participants (four females, mean age 47.9 ± 10.

A Pilot Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Caregivers After Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.

Subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease may not ameliorate burden among caregivers. An 8-session, manualized program of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was delivered to a pilot sample of 10 caregivers (6 females, mean age: 60, age range: 34-79). Primary outcome measures were caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview) and caregiver quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-Carer).

The CuePed Trial: How Does Environmental Complexity Impact Cue Effectiveness? A Comparison of Tonic and Phasic Visual Cueing in Simple and Complex Environments in a Parkinson's Disease Population with Freezing of Gait.

Background: The optimal prescription of cueing for the treatment of freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently a difficult problem for clinicians due to the heterogeneity of cueing modalities, devices, and the limited comparative trial evidence. There has been a rise in the development of motion-sensitive, wearable cueing devices for the treatment of FoG in PD. These devices generally produce cues after signature gait or electroencephalographic antecedents of FoG episodes are detected (phasic cues).

Depression symptomatology correlates with event-related potentials in Parkinson's disease: An affective priming study.

Background: Depression is a predominant non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is often under recognised and undertreated. To improve identification of depression in PD it is imperative to examine objective brain-related markers. The present study addresses this gap by using electroencephalography (EEG) to evaluate the processing of emotionally valanced words in PD.

How Well Do Caregivers Detect Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Parkinson Disease?

Depression and anxiety are prevalent in Parkinson disease (PD) yet underrecognized in clinical practice. Caregiver reports are frequently utilized to aid in the assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms but little is known about caregivers' ability to recognize them in patients with PD. This study sought to examine the accuracy of caregiver reports.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: Outcomes for Patients and Caregivers.

Objective: Anxiety negatively impacts the quality of life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and caregivers. Despite high prevalence, there is a paucity of trials investigating effective treatments for anxiety in PD. This uncontrolled study investigated the use of a manualized and tailored Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for anxiety in PD.

N400 and emotional word processing in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Emotional and cognitive disturbances are common complications in Parkinson's disease (PD). N400 is an event related potential (ERP) strongly linked to lexical-semantic processing and has demonstrated alterations in amplitude and latency when PD patients performed semantic priming tasks. The present study investigated the role of N400 in an automatic affective priming paradigm in PD.

Mindfulness for Motor and Nonmotor Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease.

Background. Motor and nonmotor symptoms negatively influence Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' quality of life. Mindfulness interventions have been a recent focus in PD.

Disease-specific anxiety symptomatology in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Symptoms of anxiety relating to Parkinson's disease (PD) occur commonly and include symptomatology associated with motor disability and complications arising from PD medication. However, there have been relatively few attempts to profile such disease-specific anxiety symptoms in PD. Consequently, anxiety in PD is underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Deep brain stimulation for depression: Scientific issues and future directions.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation is an experimental intervention for treatment-resistant depression. Open trials have shown a sustained response to chronic stimulation in many subjects. However, two recent randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials failed to replicate these results.

Characteristics and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Parkinson's Disease.

Anxiety disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are undertreated. The current study investigates demographic and PD-specific factors associated with (DSM-IV) anxiety disorders and subsyndromal anxiety in PD. It also examines the use of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for anxiety in PD.

The psychiatric and neuropsychiatric symptoms after subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonmotor features of PD, however, may not improve with STN DBS, and a specific constellation of neuropsychiatric symptoms may emerge in the postoperative period. Mania, impulsivity, depression, and apathy may curtail the potential gains from surgery.

The clinical spectrum of anxiety in Parkinson's disease.

Anxiety is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), and contributes to increased disability and poorer quality of life. In spite of its significant impact, the symptomatology, chronology, and neurobiology of anxiety in PD are all poorly understood, and this hinders accurate diagnosis and development of effective treatment strategies. This review investigates and updates literature related to the clinical spectrum of anxiety in PD.

Clinical issues in the treatment of anxiety and depression in older adults with Parkinson's disease.

A significant proportion of persons affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) are over age 65 years. Mental health issues are often less a focus of treatment in this population than physical manifestations of the illness. Anxiety or depression alone, as well as comorbid depression and anxiety, are underrecognized in patients with PD and are associated with deleterious effects on physical and interpersonal functioning, negatively impacting quality of life and well-being.

Validity and reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in Parkinson's disease.

Aim: To examine the psychometric properties of a novel anxiety rating scale, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method: The predictive validity of the GAI was tested against the presence of any DSM-IV anxiety disorders in 58 PD patients using receiver operating curve analysis. The concurrent validity of this scale was also studied against the state half of the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Factors associated with depression in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and contributes significantly to a reduced quality of life in PD patients. The determinants of depression in PD are complex and poorly understood. We investigated the factors associated with depression in PD.

Anxiety disorders in Parkinson's disease: prevalence and risk factors.

Anxiety disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, yet are poorly studied. We examined the prevalence of anxiety disorders in PD, investigated the association between anxiety, and presentation and progression of PD, and studied for the first time the contribution of putative risk factors for anxiety in PD. A case-series of 79 PD patients recruited from neurology out-patient clinics was examined for anxiety disorders using the DSM-IV criteria.

Validity of Hamilton Depression Inventory in Parkinson's disease.

Studies investigating the assessment of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited. We examined the concurrent validity and the internal consistency of the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HDI) and compared it to the Hamilton and Geriatric Depression Scales. PD patients (n = 79) were recruited from neurology clinics.

Comparisons among selected neonatal biomedical parameters of four species of semi-free ranging Hippotragini: Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), and sable antelope (Hippotragus niger).

Basic biomedical data from 164 neonates of four species of the tribe Hippotragini, addax (Addax nasomaculatus), scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), and sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), were compared at one zoological institution over a 9-year period. Measured biomedical parameters included body weight, temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein, glucose, IgG assessment via zinc sulfate turbidity, and white blood cell count with differential. All species were maintained in a semi-free ranging setting with the same diet, available shelter, and opportunity for social interaction.