Erythrocytes membrane fluidity changes induced by adenylyl cyclase cascade activation: study using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.

In this study, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments were performed on RBC labeled by lipophilic fluorescent dye CM-DiI to evaluate the role of adenylyl cyclase cascade activation in changes of lateral diffusion of erythrocytes membrane lipids. Stimulation of adrenergic receptors with epinephrine (adrenaline) or metaproterenol led to the significant acceleration of the FRAP recovery, thus indicating an elevated membrane fluidity. The effect of the stimulation of protein kinase A with membrane-permeable analog of cAMP followed the same trend but was less significant.

[Russian study on brain aneurysm surgery: a continuation (RIHA II)].

Objective: To assess the main performance indicators of neurosurgical departments in surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the Russian Federation.

Material And Methods: We analyzed 22 neurosurgical departments (19 regional and 3 federal hospitals) in 2017 and 2021. The study enrolled 6.

Strontium Substituted β-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics: Physiochemical Properties and Cytocompatibility.

Sr-substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powders were synthesized using the mechano-chemical activation method with subsequent pressing and sintering to obtain ceramics. The concentration of Sr in the samples was 0 (non-substituted TCP, as a reference), 3.33 (0.

Effects of high intensity non-ionizing terahertz radiation on human skin fibroblasts.

For the first time, the data have been obtained on the effects of high-intensity terahertz (THz) radiation (with the intensity of 30 GW/cm, electric field strength of 3.5 MV/cm) on human skin fibroblasts. A quantitative estimation of the number of histone Н2АХ foci of phosphorylation was performed.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Produced Components of Extracellular Matrix Potentiate Multipotent Stem Cell Response to Differentiation Stimuli.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both structural support and dynamic microenvironment for cells regulating their behavior and fate. As a critical component of stem cell niche ECM maintains stem cells and activates their proliferation and differentiation under specific stimuli. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) regulate tissue-specific stem cell functions locating in their immediate microenvironment and producing various bioactive factors, including ECM components.

Cytoskeleton systems contribute differently to the functional intrinsic properties of chondrospheres.

Cytoskeleton systems, actin microfilaments, microtubules (MTs) and intermediate filaments (IFs) provide the biomechanical stability and spatial organization in cells. To understand the specific contributions of each cytoskeleton systems to intrinsic properties of spheroids, we've scrutinized the effects of the cytoskeleton perturbants, cytochalasin D (Cyto D), nocodazole (Noc) and withaferin A (WFA) on fusion, spreading on adhesive surface, morphology and biomechanics of chondrospheres (CSs). We confirmed that treatment with Cyto D but not with Noc or WFA severely affected CSs fusion and spreading dynamics and significantly reduced biomechanical properties of cell aggregates.

Multiparametric Analysis of Tissue Spheroids Fabricated from Different Types of Cells.

Reproducible, scalable, and cost effective fabrication and versatile characterization of tissue spheroids (TS) is highly demanded by 3D bioprinting and drug discovery. Consistent geometry, defined mechanical properties, optimal viability, appropriate extracellular matrix/cell organization are required for cell aggregates aimed for application in these fields. A straightforward procedure for fabrication and systematic multiparametric characterization of TS with defined properties and uniform predictable geometry employing non-adhesive technology is suggested.

Flexible Polycaprolactone and Polycaprolactone/Graphene Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering.

Developing bone scaffolds can greatly improve the patient's quality of life by accelerating the rehabilitation process. In this paper, we studied the process of composite polycaprolactone supercritical foaming for tissue engineering. The influence of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on the foaming parameters was studied.

Label-free characterization of white blood cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging and flow-cytometry: molecular heterogeneity and erythrophagocytosis [Invited].

Blood cell analysis is one of the standard clinical tests. Despite the widespread use of exogenous markers for blood cell quantification, label-free optical methods are still of high demand due to their possibility for application and signal specific to the biochemical state of the cell provided by native fluorophores. Here we report the results of blood cell characterization using label-free fluorescence imaging techniques and flow-cytometry.

Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy: The Origin of Fluorophores and Capabilities for Analyzing Biochemical Processes.

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a method of molecular imaging and specifically of intravital imaging that is characterized by high spatial resolution in combination with a greater depth of penetration into the tissue. MPM is a multimodal method based on detection of nonlinear optical signals - multiphoton fluorescence and optical harmonics - and also allows imaging with the use of the parameters of fluorescence decay kinetics. This review describes and discusses photophysical processes within major reporter molecules used in MPM with endogenous contrasts and summarizes several modern experiments that illustrate the capabilities of label-free MPM for molecular imaging of biochemical processes in connective tissue and cells.

[Surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the Russian Federation].

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the Russian Federation.

Material And Methods: We analyzed performance indicators in neurosurgical departments of regional and federal health institutions of the Russian Federation for 2017. The results of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms (CAs) were analyzed in 19 regional vascular centers (RVCs) in several federal districts and in 3 federal centers (FCs) with the most dynamically developing vascular neurosurgery and smoothly running system of statistical data processing.

Extracellular Matrix Determines Biomechanical Properties of Chondrospheres during Their Maturation .

Objective: Chondrospheres represent a variant of tissue spheroids biofabricated from chondrocytes. They are already being used in clinical trials for cartilage repair; however, their biomechanical properties have not been systematically investigated yet. The aim of our study was to characterize chondrospheres in long-term culture conditions for morphometric changes, biomechanical integrity, and their fusion and spreading kinetics.

Structural Dynamics of Chondrocytes during Culturing.

We performed comparative analysis of the morphology of chondrocytes in normal cartilage, after their isolation from the tissue, and at different stages of culturing; structural dynamics of cells during culturing was also studied. Significant morphological differences in chondrocytes at the specified stages of their preparation to in vivo use were revealed. Pronounced structural changes (blebbing and cytoplasm swelling) were found in chondrocytes before their implantation, which can affect the formation of cartilage regenerate.

Local ensemble transform Kalman filter, a fast non-stationary control law for adaptive optics on ELTs: theoretical aspects and first simulation results.

We propose a new algorithm for an adaptive optics system control law, based on the Linear Quadratic Gaussian approach and a Kalman Filter adaptation with localizations. It allows to handle non-stationary behaviors, to obtain performance close to the optimality defined with the residual phase variance minimization criterion, and to reduce the computational burden with an intrinsically parallel implementation on the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs).

[Comparative assessment of antiaggregant efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel in peripheral atherosclerosis].

Presented in the article are the results of studying antiaggregate activity of acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel in a total of 36 patients suffering from various-severity chronic arterial insufficiency of lower limbs on the background of atherosclerosis obliterans. The study was conducted prior to treatment for correct selection of a particular antiplatelet agent. The obtained results showed that clopidogrel was not always more efficient than acetylsalicylic acid, since there is individual sensitivity of each patients to a particular antiplatelet agent.

[Peculiarities of arterial reconstructions in pyonecrotic lesions of lower limbs].

Presented herein are the results of treating a total of sixty patients suffering from atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs with degree IV chronic ischaemia according to the Fontain-Pokrovsky classification and accompanied by pyonecrotic alterations. The patients were subdivided into two clinically matching groups, each comprising 30 subjects. All patients after two-week conservative preparation underwent various reconstructive surgical operations performed on major arteries of the lower limbs.

[Role of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid in comprehensive postoperative treatment of patients with lower-limb chronic arterial insufficiency].

The study comprised a total of 107 patients (all men) after endured femoropopliteal bypass grafting above the genicular fissure with a synthetic stent graft manufactured by the Gore Company for stage IIB and III chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities according to the Fontain-Pokrovsky classification. Group One I (control group) was composed of fifty-four patients permanently taking in the postoperative period at the out-patient stage pentoxiphylline (trental 400 mg 1 tablet 3 times daily) and xantinol nicotinate at a dose of 150 mg one tablet thrice daily. Group Two (Study Group) consisted of fifty-three patients taking after reconstructive vascular surgery at the out-patient stage in addition to pentoxiphylline and xantinol nicotinate acetylsalicylic acid (cardiomagnil 75 mg 1 tablet once daily).

[Prediction of remote results after surgical management of patients presenting with atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower-limb arteries].

Forecasting the development of implants' narrowing appears to be one of the most important problems encountered in vascular surgery today. The present study was therefore undertaken to work out a comprehensive diagnostic methodology making it possible to reliably predict the development of stenosis of vascular anastomoses during the postoperative period in patients presenting with atherosclerosis obliterans. The work was based upon the findings obtained by examining a total of seventy-nine patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower-limbs arteries, also including assessment of a large number of haemodynamic and immunological parameters both before and after reconstructive vascular interventions.

[Functional flowmetry in determining the indications for reconstructive surgical interventions on the major arteries of the pelvis and lower limbs].

The work was based on the findings of the examination and surgical management of 69 patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower limbs with various degree of chronic arterial insufficiency. The authors analyzed the main causes promoting development of early reocclusion of the bypasses and prostheses following reconstructive surgical operations. They also proved the role of high peripheral vascular resistance and, in particular, diminished functional possibilities of the microcirculatory-bed vessels in the genesis of early reocclusions in patients with chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs.

Trophic cascades triggered by overfishing reveal possible mechanisms of ecosystem regime shifts.

Large-scale transitions between alternative states in ecosystems are known as regime shifts. Once described as healthy and dominated by various marine predators, the Black Sea ecosystem by the late 20th century had experienced anthropogenic impacts such as heavy fishing, cultural eutrophication, and invasions by alien species. We studied changes related to these "natural experiments" to reveal the mechanisms of regime shifts.

Effect of "Profetal" on differentiation and functional activity of human mononuclear leukocytes.

The effect of "Profetal", a preparation containing human alpha-fetoprotein, on proliferative activity and differentiation of mononuclear leukocytes isolated from donor peripheral blood was studied in cultures with serum-free media. The results suggest that human alpha-fetoprotein in effective doses stimulates proliferation and blast transformation of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes with the formation of CD34+/CD45+ hemopoietic precursor cells. This phenomenon of ex vivo generation of hemopoietic precursor cells using human alpha-fetoprotein can be important for clinical oncology, specifically, for the development of adaptive cell therapies.

[Preoperative care of microcirculatory vessels in patients with lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans].

The paper analyses diagnosis and treatment outcomes for 20 men aged from 55 to 76 with lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans. Based on exhaustive laboratory and instrumental diagnostic data the authors conclude that 10-days course of Vazaprostan (20 mkg per day) for patients with IIb stage of chronic lower limb arterial insufficiency yields not only improvement in tissue metabolism, but a reduction of peripheral vascular resistance as well. Thus such therapy can be used for preoperative care before reconstructive vascular interventions in order to reduce the risk of implant thrombosis in early postoperative period.