Perceived Hospital Stress, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Activity, and Care Process Temporal Variance During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic threatened standard hospital operations. We sought to understand how this stress was perceived and manifested within individual hospitals and in relation to local viral activity.

Design: Prospective weekly hospital stress survey, November 2020-June 2022.

Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought most ongoing clinical trials to a standstill, while at the same time emphasizing the need for new therapeutic treatments and strategies to mitigate the morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19. Recent publication of several observational studies has generated much discussion surrounding efficacy of drugs including hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and remdesivir, stressing the need for high-quality prospective, randomized control trials in patients with COVID-19. Ongoing "stay at home" orders and institutional policies mandating "work from home" for nonessential employees, which includes most research personnel, have impacted the ability to implement and conduct clinical studies.

Experimental model of combined pain and depression status in rats.

Combined pain and depression status in rats was created by inducing experimental depressive syndrome (by subchronic injection of MPTP proneurotoxin) in animals with manifest and developing neurogenic pain syndrome induced by preliminary crossing of the sciatic nerve in the hind limb. The neurogenic pain syndrome augmented by some parameters the depressive symptoms and provoked manifestation of signs of depressive behavior in animals treated with saline.

Costimulation targeting therapies in organ transplantation.

Purpose Of Review: Long-term side effects of posttransplant immunosuppressive agents contribute to graft loss and death. This article reviews recent publications on the potential role of costimulation targeting therapies, especially belatacept, in solid organ transplantation.

Recent Findings: Belatacept, currently undergoing phase III clinical trials in renal transplantation, has shown promise as a safe and effective alternative immunosuppression regimen to calcineurin inhibitor and steroid-based therapies.

[Experience in using a mobile digital fluorograph-equipped laboratory].

The authors share their experience in using a KFP-FC-RP digital fluorograph for mass fluorographic studies in a mobile fluorographic laboratory (on the basis of a ZIL-5301 EO automobile with a module body and an APCF-01 (ProScan-2000) fluograph made by ZAO "RENTGENPROM"). Studies were performed at the enterprises of Moscow and the Moscow Region. How the work of the mobile laboratory is organized is described.

Immunization of rats with conjugates of dopamine and serotonin with bovine serum albumin prevents the development of experimental MPTP-induced depressive syndrome (electrophysiological parameters).

Electrophysiological experiments on Wistar rats demonstrated that prior immunization of animals with conjugates of dopamine and serotonin with bovine serum albumin, as well as with bovine serum albumin alone, played a partial protective role in relation to the subsequent development in these animals of experimental MPTP-induced depressive syndrome: immunized animals showed no signs of the depressive state such as decreases in the latency of onset of REM sleep and the development of epileptiform activity in the caudate-putamen complex, though the increase in the proportion of REM sleep in the overall structure of sleep persisted. Changes in the spectral characteristics of brain electrical activity and sleep structure during the development of experimental MPTP-induced syndrome in animals immunized with conjugates of dopamine and serotonin with bovine serum albumin and with bovine serum albumin alone were antigen-specific and reflected functional shifts in the activity of those neurotransmitter systems targeted by immunization, as well as others sensitive to changes in the body's immunological status.

[Immunization of rats with bovine serum albumin conjugate with dopamine or 5-hydroxytryptamine prevents the development of experimental MPTP-induced depressive syndrome. An electrophysiological study].

In electrophysiological experiments in Wistar rats it was shown that preventive immunization of animals with bovine serum albumin conjugated with dopamine or 5-hydroxytryptamine or with bovine serum albumin alone partly protects against the development of experimental MPTP-induced depressive syndrome. Signs of depressive-like state such as decrease in REM-sleep latency and the development of epileptiform activity in caudate putamen were not observed in immunized animals, whereas REM-sleep proportion in the total sleep structure was increased. Changes in the spectral characteristics of brain electric activity and sleep structure during development of experimental MPTP-induced syndrome in immunized rats are antigen-specific and reflect the functional shifts in neurotransmitter systems, both in those which are the target of the immune action and those sensitive to alterations in the immune state of a body.

Experimental depressive-pain syndrome in rats with initial various anxiety-phobic levels: a behavioral study.

Modeling of neurogenic pain syndrome by sciatic nerve transection in rats with pronounced dopamine-deficiency-dependent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine-induced experimental depressive syndrome forms a stable state of combined pain and depression, which can be considered as a model of the pain-depressive syndrome. The neurogenic pain syndrome prolongs the state of behavioral depression in rats irrespective of their initial anxiety level. The depressive symptoms can potentiate the severity of pain syndrome.

[A multiparameter method for the complex evaluation of anxiety-phobic states in rats].

A new multiparameter method is elaborated for evaluating the anxiety-phobic states in rats. The method is based on a ranged scale of parameters which characterize the species-specific responses of an animal to the series of ethologically adequate test-stimuli inducing manifestation of the anxiety-phobic states. The method makes it possible to evaluate an individual anxiety-phobic level of a rat, to form experimental groups of rats with known individual anxiety-phobic levels, to conduct repeated observations of the same animals.

[A new natural model of elevated anxiety in rats].

The levels of anxiety were determined in male Wistar rats using a complex multiparameter method for evaluating anxiety-phobic states in rats based on ranged scale. The effects of psychotropic drugs differed in rats with innate high and low levels of anxiety. Anxiolytics sodium valproate (200 mg/kg), phenazepam (0.

[An electrographic analysis of the dynamic change in the functional state of the rat brain after destruction of the locus coeruleus].

Bilateral destruction of the Locus coeruleus in rats was carried out by means of 6-hydroxydopamine injections. Sham-operated animals served as control ones. Electrical activity was recorded in the region of the Locus coeruleus, the dorsal hippocampus, and in the caudatus-putamen complex.

[A new method of assessing anxiety-phobic states in rats].

A new multiparameter method for evaluating anxiety-phobic states in rats is elaborated. The method is based on the ranged scale consisting of parameters which characterize the species-specific rat response to the series of ethologically adequate test-stimuli inducing manifestation of the anxiety-phobic states. The method makes it possible to evaluate individual anxiety-phobic level in rats, to form experimental groups with rats of known individual anxiety-phobic level, to conduct repeated observations in the same animals.

[Emotional behavioral disturbances in rats administered subconvulsive doses of korazol].

The injection of subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol (corazol, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) leads to the appearance of a complex of the emotional-behavioral disturbances in rats which consists of three main syndromes: anxiety, pathologically enhanced fear and inactivation state. Each of syndromes is characterized, by a particular pattern of electrical activity (EA) recorded from brain structures. The bursts of EA (10-11 oscillations per s) with maximum amplitude and duration in locus coeruleus (LC) correspond to the syndrome of anxiety.

[Emotional behavior disorders in rats during the formation of a generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in the basomedial nuclei of the amygdaloid complex].

Microinjections of kainic acid and ferrous sulfate into basomedial nuclei of both amygdalae resulted in the formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE), as evidenced by the epileptical activity (EpA) registered in both nuclei. EpA of different intensity and pattern could be retained for more than three weeks. Hyperactive basomedial nuclei played the role of a primary pathological determinant which caused the complex of emotional and behavioural disorders.

[Effect of tetanus toxin on noradrenaline release from rat brain synaptosomes].

Purified tetanus toxin (TT) (80-800 Dlm/mg protein) releases both endogenous and exogenous (14)C-norepinephrine from the isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes) of the rat brain. Within the investigated range of concentrations TT does not suppress norepinephrine release induced by different ways of depolarizing the synaptosomes in vitro.

[Ultrastructural and functional changes in the synaptosomes of the rat brain on in vitro electrostimulation].

Electrostimulation of suspension of the rat brain synaptosomes causes Ca(2)+-dependent endogenous norepinephrine release and at the same time Ca(2)-dependent increase of the mediator content in the synaptosomes. The activity of cAMP declines under the same conditions. Electrostimulation does not alter the ultrastructure of the synaptosomes but raises the content of high electron density synaptosomes.

[Effect of tetanus toxin and colchicine on synaptic membranes of rat cerebral cortex].

It was shown that purified tetanus toxin did not influence the activity of the Na, K-ATP-ase fractions of the synaptic membranes of the rat cerebral cortex, it had no effect on the inhibition of Na, K,-ATP-ase under electrical stimulation of the synaptic membrane suspension, or the GABA--3H binding by the synaptosomes in vitro. Tetanus toxin (400--4000 DLM) and colchicine (1 mM) induced a decrease of osmotic sensitivity of the nerve endings. Colchicine in low concentrations (10(-5)-10(-3) M) failed to influence Mg-and Na, K-ATP-ases, but considerably inhibited both ATP-ases at higher concentrations.

[Structural-functional changes in the synaptic membranes of the cerebral cortex of rats during electric stimulation in vitro].

Electric stimulation (EC) of a suspension of native synaptic membranes of rat brain cortex in the Krebs-Ringer-glucose medium revealed Ca-dependent inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase and inhibition of transport Ca-activated, Mg-dependent ATPase. The effects observed are not induced by a change in the SH-groups of the membrane proteins and are removed by an addition of total lipids of the brain (membrane protein: lipid = 5:1) or 0.35 mM novocaine.

Leptospirosis infection through insemination of animals.

The semen of animals in spontaneous and experimental leptospirosis was investigated by bacteriological, immunological and biological methods. It has been found that pathogenic leptospirae (L. pomona, L.

Leptospirosis infection through insemination of animals.

The semen of animals in spontaneous and experimental leptospirosis was investigated by bacteriological, immunological and biological methods. It has been found that pathogenic leptospirae (L. pomona, L.

[Identification of a group A arbovirus isolated in the Far East].

Strains Nos. 296 and 260 isolated from Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens mosquitoes in the USSR Far East in 1971 and 1973, respectively, were identified. The size of the viruses was found to be about 50 nm.