Study of the intestinal microbiota composition and the effect of treatment with intensive chemotherapy in patients recovered from acute leukemia.

A dataset comprising metagenomes of outpatients (n = 28) with acute leukemia (AL) and healthy controls (n = 14) was analysed to investigate the associations between gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity and AL. According to the results obtained, no significant differences in the microbial diversity between AL outpatients and healthy controls were found. However, significant differences in the abundance of specific microbial clades of healthy controls and AL outpatients were found.

Clinical and Microbiological Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality of Bloodstream Infections Caused by OXA-48-Producing .

Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and the therapy options available for their treatment are frequently scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with BSI caused by OXA-48-producing . The clinical and treatment features of the patients, who attended a single hospital over a five-year period, were retrospectively reviewed.

Usefulness of inclusion of ertapenem and temocillin screening breakpoints in the EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) for rapid detection of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae directly from positive blood cultures.

Objectives: The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the ability of the meropenem screening breakpoint as part of the screening rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (sRAST) of EUCAST for the detection of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae directly from positive blood cultures (BCs); and (ii) to evaluate the inclusion of ertapenem and temocillin discs into the sRAST to enhance the detection of OXA-48-producing isolates.

Methods: BC bottles were spiked with a total of 117 K. pneumoniae isolates, including 77 previously characterized OXA-48 producers and 40 non-OXA-48 producers.

A lamprey neural cell type atlas illuminates the origins of the vertebrate brain.

The vertebrate brain emerged more than ~500 million years ago in common evolutionary ancestors. To systematically trace its cellular and molecular origins, we established a spatially resolved cell type atlas of the entire brain of the sea lamprey-a jawless species whose phylogenetic position affords the reconstruction of ancestral vertebrate traits-based on extensive single-cell RNA-seq and in situ sequencing data. Comparisons of this atlas to neural data from the mouse and other jawed vertebrates unveiled various shared features that enabled the reconstruction of cell types, tissue structures and gene expression programs of the ancestral vertebrate brain.

A highly-safe live auxotrophic vaccine protecting against disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium in mice.

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) has become an important intestinal pathogen worldwide and is responsible for lethal invasive infections in populations at risk. There is at present an unmet need for preventive vaccines.

Incidence and Genomic Background of Antibiotic Resistance in Food-Borne and Clinical Isolates of Serovar Derby from Spain.

serovar Derby (. Derby) ranks fifth among nontyphoidal serovars causing human infections in the European Union. .

Spread of and Other Clinically Relevant Resistance Genes, Such as and , Driven by IncHI2-ST1 Plasmids in Clinical Isolates of Monophasic Serovar Typhimurium ST34.

The monophasic 4,[5],12:i:-variant of serovar Typhimurium with sequence type ST34 has become one of the most prevalent non-typhoidal salmonellae worldwide. In the present study, we thoroughly characterized seven isolates of this variant detected in a Spanish hospital and selected based on cefotaxime resistance and cefoxitin susceptibility, mediated by . For this, conventional microbiological techniques, together with whole genome sequencing performed with the Illumina platform, were applied.

Evaluation of a Shotgun Metagenomics Approach for Detection of ESBL- and/or Carbapenemase-Producing in Culture Negative Patients Recovered from Acute Leukemia.

Patients diagnosed with acute leukemia (AL) have a weakened immune system. Infections acquired by these patients are cause for concern and especially worrisome when Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are involved, as they are difficult to treat, especially in the case of ESBL- and/or carbapenemase-producing . Culture-based approaches have been relied on over the past decades as the method of choice for the early detection of gut colonization by MDR Gram-negative bacteria.

High-risk international clones ST66, ST171 and ST78 of Enterobacter cloacae complex causing blood stream infections in Spain and carrying bla with or without mcr-9.

Background: In the last years, Enterobacter cloacae complex has become an important threat associated with nosocomial infections (including bacteraemia). These bacteria have the ability to acquire mobile genetic elements with antimicrobial resistance genes, reducing the number of therapies available for treatment of the infections they cause. Multidrug resistant isolates of the E.

Biochemical Diversity, Pathogenicity and Phylogenetic Analysis of from Bean and Weeds in Northern Spain.

was originally reported as a bean pathogen, and subsequently as a wide-host range pathogen affecting numerous plants species. In addition, several authors have reported the epiphytic presence of this bacterium in "non-host plants", which may act as reservoir of and source of inoculum for crops. A new biotype of this bacterium, showing an atypical LOPAT profile, was found in Asturias, a Northern region of Spain, causing significant damage in beans, kiwifruit, lettuce, and .

Detection of the Gene Among Polyclonal Linezolid-Susceptible Isolates of Recovered from Community Patients.

Dispersion of transferable oxazolidinone resistance genes among enterococci poses a serious problem to human health. Prompt detection of bacteria carrying these genes is crucial to avoid their spread to multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to describe the presence of -positive isolates among enterococci in a Spanish hospital, and to determine their genetic context and location through whole genome sequencing.

Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) in Two Clinical Strains of Serovar Corvallis.

Non-typhoid serovars of are one of the main causes of bacterial food-borne infections worldwide. For the treatment of severe cases of salmonellosis in adults, fluoroquinolones are amongst the drugs of choice. They are categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "critically important with highest priority in human medicine".

Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused in an Immunocompetent Patient by the Emergent Monophasic ST34 Variant of Serovar Typhimurium: Treatment-Associated Selection of Fluoroquinolone and Piperacillin/Tazobactam Resistance.

The present report describes an uncommon case of nosocomial pneumonia caused by in an immunocompetent patient. The patient was admitted to ICU of a tertiary hospital due to low level of consciousness, aphasia and seizure episodes. Four days after hospitalization, he developed nosocomial pneumonia, which evolved into septic shock.

Colistin Resistance in Monophasic Isolates of ST34 Collected From Meat-Derived Products in Spain, With or Without CMY-2 Co-production.

Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic in fighting severe infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram negative pathogens in hospitals. Zoonotic bacteria acquire colistin resistance in animal reservoirs and mediate its spread along the food chain. This is the case of non-typhoid serovars of .

Expression of Kisspeptin 1 in the Brain of the Adult Sea Lamprey .

Kisspeptin peptides play major roles in the regulation of reproduction and puberty onset in mammals. While most mammals only have one kisspeptin gene, other jawed vertebrates present two or three genes. Recent data also revealed the presence of two genes in lampreys (jawless vertebrates).

Establishment and Persistence of Glycopeptide-Resistant ST80 and ST117 Clones Within a Health Care Facility Located in a Low-Prevalence Geographical Region.

Vancomycin-resistant (VREfm) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens with limited therapeutic alternatives. In this study, we followed the trends of VREfm and causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a Spanish hospital, from 2011 to 2020. During this period, 832 strains were isolated and 121 (14.

High-Level Carbapenem Resistance among OXA-48-Producing with Functional OmpK36 Alterations: Maintenance of Ceftazidime/Avibactam Susceptibility.

The aim of this work was to analyze outer membrane porin-encoding genes ( and ) in a collection of OXA-48 producing , to assess the effect of porin alterations on the susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam, and to describe a screening methodology for phenotypic detection of OXA-48-producing with disrupted porins. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Microscan and Etest. The genomes of 81 OXA-48-producing were sequenced.

Genomic Analysis of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Serovar Kentucky ST198 From Spanish Hospitals.

serovar Kentucky (. Kentucky) with sequence type (ST) 198 and highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (ST198-Cip ) has emerged as a global MDR clone, posing a threat to public health. In the present study, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was applied to characterize all Cip Kentucky detected in five Spanish hospitals during 2009-2018.

Differential expression of somatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the sea lamprey.

The identification of three somatostatin (SST) genes (SSTa, SSTb, and SSTc) in lampreys (Tostivint et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol 237:89-97 https://doi.org/10.

Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carrying bla and armA in a hospital after an intervention in the intensive care unit which ended a long-standing endemicity.

The aim of the study was to evaluate for a long time the effectiveness of an intervention designed to reduce carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and its impact on colistin usage in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Spain. The rate of carbapenem resistance declined drastically during the period of study (2015 to 2018), from 93.57 to 74.