The Rural Interprofessional Health Initiative.

Innovative models that prepare students for careers in rural health are of increasing interest. The UNC Rural Interprofessional Health Initiative (RIPHI) is an intentional interprofessional model that has been in existence since 2017. This article provides an overview of this work, lessons learned, and opportunities for future partnerships.

Surgical versus non-surgical management for patients with malignant bowel obstruction (S1316): a pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial.

Background: Malignant small bowel obstruction has a poor prognosis and is associated with multiple related symptoms. The optimal treatment approach is often unclear. We aimed to compare surgical versus non-surgical management with the aim to determine the optimal approach for managing malignant bowel obstruction.

Graph drawing using Jaya.

Graph drawing, involving the automatic layout of graphs, is vital for clear data visualization and interpretation but poses challenges due to the optimization of a multi-metric objective function, an area where current search-based methods seek improvement. In this paper, we investigate the performance of Jaya algorithm for automatic graph layout with straight lines. Jaya algorithm has not been previously used in the field of graph drawing.

Association of Advance Care Planning Visits With Intensity of Health Care for Medicare Beneficiaries With Serious Illness at the End of Life.

Importance: Advance care planning (ACP) is intended to maximize the concordance of preferences with end-of-life (EOL) care and is assumed to lead to less intensive use of health care services. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services began reimbursing clinicians for ACP discussions with patients in 2016.

Objective: To determine whether billed ACP visits are associated with intensive use of health care services at EOL.

Ceftazidime-avibactam plus metronidazole vs. meropenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections: Indian subset from RECLAIM.

Introduction: This study analyzes the safety and efficacy results of the Indian population subset from the RECLAIM trial investigating the non-inferiority of Ceftazidime-Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) plus metronidazole to meropenem and interprets its relevance.

Methodology: The study design, subjects inclusion criteria, dosage, safety and efficacy evaluations in Indian patients have been followed as per the RECLAIM trial protocol.

Results: A total of 142 Indian patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection were enrolled across eight centers in India, 125 of them were randomized to either CAZ-AVI + metronidazole (n = 62) or meropenem (n = 63) group.

Use of journal clubs and book clubs in pharmacy education: A scoping review.

Background: Journal clubs and book clubs are educational activities used in health sciences education to teach evidence-based decision-making, critical thinking, and appraisal skills, and build trainee understanding about important professional issues. The main objective of this scoping review was to identify and synthesize all research studies on journal or book clubs for pharmacy learners. A secondary objective was to identify gaps in the literature where future research would be beneficial to pharmacy educators and learners.

Is This ACP? A Focus Group Study of Patient Experiences of Advance Care Planning.

Background: To date, most research on patients' experiences with advance care planning (ACP) focuses on motivations to engage in discussions and how patients prepare. Gaps remain in understanding how non-critically ill Medicare patients perceive ACP encounters, including how they characterize positive and negative experiences with ACP.

Objectives: Understanding these patients' perceptions is imperative as Medicare has sought to incentivize provision of ACP services via two billing codes in 2016.

Understanding The Use Of Medicare Procedure Codes For Advance Care Planning: A National Qualitative Study.

In 2016 Medicare introduced advance care planning (CPT) codes to reimburse clinicians for time spent providing the service. Despite recent increases, use of these codes remains low for reasons incompletely captured by quantitative research. To further identify barriers and facilitators to code use for Medicare fee-for-service enrollees, we conducted case studies at eleven health systems, including 272 interviews with clinicians, administrators, and key leadership.

What have we learned?

As the final outputs of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology are published, it is clear that preclinical research in cancer biology is not as reproducible as it should be.

Designing Work with People Living with Dementia: Reflecting on a Decade of Research.

The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights is widely acknowledged as a landmark document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives from all over the world, the declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common standard for all peoples and all nations. The declaration sets out a series of articles that articulate a number of fundamental human rights to be universally protected.

Characterizing Research About Interprofessional Education Within Pharmacy.

To determine how interprofessional education (IPE) in pharmacy has been studied, namely which disciplines have engaged in IPE research initiatives, the research methodologies that have been used, and what journals have published in this area. In the 145 IPE studies included in the review, the authors represented 13 different disciplines (3.2±1.

Speaker Introductions at Grand Rounds: Differences in Formality of Address by Gender and Specialty.

Despite increasing representation of women in medicine, gender bias remains pervasive. The authors sought to evaluate speaker introductions by gender in the grand rounds of multiple specialties at a large academic institution to understand the cultural context of this behavior and identify predictors of formality. The authors reviewed grand rounds recordings of speakers with doctorates presenting to the departments of family medicine, general surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics at one institution from 2014 to 2019.

Specialty Palliative Care in COVID-19: Early Experiences from the Palliative Care Quality Collaborative.

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred unprecedented need for specialty palliative care. The Palliative Care Quality Collaborative (PCQC) provides unique infrastructure for rapid data collection and analysis. To capture and describe real-time, real-world experiences of specialty palliative care professionals caring for patients with COVID-19 through a rapid reporting tool and registry.

Euler diagrams drawn with ellipses area-proportionally (Edeap).

Background: Area-proportional Euler diagrams are frequently used to visualize data from Microarray experiments, but are also applied to a wide variety of other data from biosciences, social networks and other domains.

Results: This paper details Edeap, a new simple, scalable method for drawing area-proportional Euler diagrams with ellipses. We use a search-based technique optimizing a multi-criteria objective function that includes measures for both area accuracy and usability, and which can be extended to further user-defined criteria.

Establishing the role of the pharmacist in mental health: Implementing Mental Health First Aid into the doctor of pharmacy core curriculum.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of implementing Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training in a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum on student pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and empathy towards people with mental health conditions and/or crises.

Methods: Participants were third-year PharmD students enrolled in Patient Care Experience, a required communication and ethics course. A survey was administered pre- and post-intervention (i.

End-of-Life Care: Serious Illness Progression, Prognostication, and Advance Care Planning.

Because of their longstanding relationships with patients, family physicians often are in the best position to identify signs of serious illness progression, provide support and guidance to patients and caregivers, and tailor care plans to individual needs and preferences at the end of life. Significant signs of illness progression include worsening of one or more conditions, decline in function, and increase in the number of emergency department visits or hospitalizations. Prognostication refers to estimation of the remaining life expectancy.

Comparing Empathy Levels in Doctor of Pharmacy Students and Exemplary Pharmacist Preceptors.

To determine how student pharmacists' empathy compares to that of exemplary pharmacist preceptors. First- through third-year Doctor of Pharmacy students and nominated preceptors demonstrating a model level of empathy in patient care were invited to take the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and answer demographic questions. A comparison of total JSE scores was made between students and preceptors.

Characteristics of High-Performing Interprofessional Health Care Teams Involving Student Pharmacists.

To identify key themes of interprofessional models of care that offer experiential education opportunities for pharmacy learners. Six pharmacists from four Area Health Education Centers in North Carolina participated in individual, 60-minute interviews. Using two pre-established frameworks, the data were analyzed qualitatively by two members of the research team to identify the characteristics of interdisciplinary care teams.

Characterising investments in EU fisheries and defining their desirability.

In most economic sectors, increases in capital (i.e., investments) are often considered virtuous, indicating confidence in the future and expected growth.

Characteristics of significant events identified by pharmacy students while on early immersion pharmacy practice experiences.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify significant events of pharmacy students who completed an early practice experience.

Methods: Significant event analyses (SEAs) were reflections submitted by students about events that they found impactful during their early practice experiences. An online repository has stored 287 SEAs submitted by first year pharmacy students for later use in a pharmacy course.